亚马逊地区环境中的多环芳污染:系统性审查
Júnior Ribeiro Carvalho1, Daniel de Queiroz Rocha1, Francimary Cabral Carvalho1
1Center for Studies of Invertebrates and Vertebrates of the Amazon (NEIVA), Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Amazonas (IFAM), Manaus, AM, 69020-120, Brazil.
Environmental science and pollution research international
|September 26, 2025
概括
多环芳 (PAH) 广泛污染亚马逊生态系统,特别是在沉积物中. 研究集中在巴西,强调需要在亚马逊盆地进行更广泛的环境监测.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 生态毒理学 生态毒理学
- 分析化学 分析化学
背景情况:
- 亚马逊河流域面临着严重的有机污染物污染,特别是多环芳 (PAHs).
- 多氧化对水生生态系统和潜在的人类健康构成风险.
- 了解PAH的分布和影响对于环境管理至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估环境样本 (水,沉积物,生物群) 作为亚马逊地区的PAH监测工具.
- 评估亚马逊生态系统中PAH污染的程度和地理分布.
- 确定PAH污染的主要区域和来源.
主要方法:
- 从2013年1月到2024年6月,对四个数据库 (PubMed,ScienceDirect,Web of Science,Scopus) 进行了全面的文献搜索.
- 包括25项分析亚马逊环境样本中的PAHs的研究.
- 系统审查和综合跨不同矩阵和位置的PAH度数据.
主要成果:
- 在亚马逊生态系统中证实了广泛和显著的PAH污染.
- 沉积物成为最受影响的环境矩阵.
- 在厄瓜多尔 (阿瓜里科和纳波河) 和巴西 (圣雷蒙多港,巴卡雷纳) 发现了与石油开采和工业活动相关的PAH含量最高.
- 水中的PAH含量在4至5,363,000 ng L-1之间,沉积物中的PAH含量在5至711,100 ng L-1.1之间.
- 鱼类中的生物标志物表明生态毒理学影响,包括氧化应激和基因毒性.
- 研究在很大程度上集中在巴西 (84%的研究).
结论:
- 环境样本,特别是沉积物,是亚马逊地区PAH污染的有效指标.
- 在亚马逊,PAH污染是一个普遍的问题,与人类活动相关的特定热点.
- 生态影响是显而易见的,但人类健康风险数据有限.
- 需要在亚马逊地区进行更广泛的研究,以了解PAH污染的全部范围.
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