在ADHD中提高工作记忆:自适应双N-Back训练提高WAIS-IV性能,但产生混合Corsi结果
Alessandra Lintas1,2, Michel Bader3, Alessandro E P Villa1
1NeuroHeuristic Research Group, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-Chamberonne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Brain sciences
|September 27, 2025
概括
使用双N背任务进行工作记忆训练,改善了ADHD年轻成年人的认知表现. 适应性训练对口头工作记忆有更大的益处,对视觉空间技能的转移有限.
科学领域:
- 认知神经科学 认知神经科学
- 神经心理学 神经心理学
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
背景情况:
- 注意缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 与工作记忆缺陷有关.
- 工作记忆训练 (WMT) 是一种潜在的认知增强干预策略.
- 双N-back (DNB) 任务是一个苛刻的WMT协议,针对工作内存容量.
研究的目的:
- 评估DNB培训对ADHD年轻成年人认知表现的有效性.
- 为了比较固定与自适应DNB培训协议的效果.
- 评估对未经训练的认知任务的转移效应.
主要方法:
- 106名参与者 (ADHD和对照组) 在一个月内每天至少进行18次DNB会话.
- 随机分配到固定的双一背 (FD1B) 或自适应的DNB条件.
- 使用WAIS-IV工作记忆指数和Corsi Block-Tapping任务干预前后进行认知评估.
主要成果:
- 所有组都表现出更好的DNB表现;适应性训练带来了显著更大的收益.
- WAIS-IV工作记忆指数得分,特别是数字跨度向后,在适应性训练中得到了更大的改善.
- 在Corsi的性能中观察到的收益有限,与FD1B训练有着令人惊的关联.
结论:
- 双N背训练有效地提高了ADHD的年轻成年人的口头工作记忆.
- 适应性训练协议似乎更有利于改善工作记忆.
- 对视觉空间领域的转移效应是有限的,可能不会对不同的人群进行概括.
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