Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists01:30

Cognitive Enhancers: Cholinesterase Inhibitors and NMDA Receptor Antagonists

560
Cognitive enhancers, also known as "smart drugs," are substances used to enhance memory, mental alertness, and concentration. These can be natural or synthetic and improve cognition in conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other neurodegenerative diseases. Some common examples include caffeine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, modafinil, arecoline, donepezil, vortioxetine, and piracetam. These enhancers work on the principle of synaptic plasticity and altered circuit function.
560
CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids01:24

CNS Stimulants: Cocaine, Amphetamines and Cannabinoids

782
CNS stimulants, such as cocaine, amphetamines, and cannabinoids, have varying structures and mechanisms of action that lead to different therapeutic effects and side effects. Cocaine, with its molecular formula C17H21NO4, is a tropane alkaloid and a tertiary amino compound. It has two chemical forms: the hydrochloride salt and the "freebase." The former is in powder form, while the latter involves removing the hydrochloride salt to create a form that can be smoked. Cocaine exerts its...
782
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

776
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....
776
Beck's Cognitive Therapy01:25

Beck's Cognitive Therapy

351
Cognitive therapy is a psychological approach designed to address distortions in thinking, which can lead to negative emotions and unrealistic beliefs. These cognitive distortions often influence how individuals interpret and respond to situations, exacerbating emotional distress. Below are some prevalent cognitive distortions, their characteristics, and examples of how they manifest in thought processes.
Arbitrary Inference
Arbitrary inference involves making conclusions without sufficient...
351
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

1.1K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.1K
Altered States of Awareness01:06

Altered States of Awareness

1.0K
Altered states of consciousness represent significant deviations from one's normal mental state. These deviations can range from subtle changes in awareness to profound transformations in perception, thought processes, and sensory experiences. Altered states of consciousness can be triggered by various factors, including drug use, meditation, hypnosis, illness, or even intense fatigue.
The ingestion of substances like stimulants or hallucinogens leads to chemical alterations in the brain...
1.0K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

What's Yours Is Mine: Spontaneous Representation and Memorization of Co-Actor's Goals.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Differential Impact of Methamphetamine Dependence and Social Media Overuse on Cognitive Control: Based on the Dual Mechanisms of Control Theory.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Integrated encoding of relations and objects in visual working memory.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2024
Same author

Hierarchical Constraints on the Distribution of Attention in Dynamic Displays.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)·2024
Same author

Completeness out of incompleteness: Inferences from regularities in imperfect information ensembles.

Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance·2023
Same author

Attentional biases and daily game craving dynamics: An ecological momentary assessment study.

Journal of behavioral addictions·2022

相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

21.5K

当头脑不能转移时:在依赖甲基的人群中认知灵活性障碍

Xikun Zhang1, Yue Li1, Qikai Zhang1

  • 1Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 27, 2025
PubMed
概括
此摘要是机器生成的。

甲基胺依赖的个体表现出显著的认知灵活性障碍. 这种执行功能障碍影响了他们适应战略的能力,并影响了现实生活中的功能,突出了成的核心问题.

关键词:
这是WCSTT的WCST.认知灵活性 认知灵活性依赖甲基胺的依赖者任务切换 任务切换

更多相关视频

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
07:26

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Published on: May 4, 2020

3.9K
A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
09:16

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

Published on: January 22, 2016

15.7K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats
08:30

Operant Procedures for Assessing Behavioral Flexibility in Rats

Published on: February 15, 2015

21.5K
Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm
07:26

Assessment of Stress Effects on Cognitive Flexibility using an Operant Strategy Shifting Paradigm

Published on: May 4, 2020

3.9K
A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration
09:16

A General Method for Evaluating Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Intravenous Methamphetamine Self-Administration

Published on: January 22, 2016

15.7K

科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 心理学 心理学 心理学
  • 成研究 研究成研究

背景情况:

  • 认知灵活性是一个关键的执行功能,可以适应不断变化的环境.
  • 药物成经常与行为硬性和适应能力受损有关.
  • 执行功能障碍是成的公认特征,影响认知控制.

研究的目的:

  • 在依赖甲基胺的个体中调查认知灵活性缺陷.
  • 将客观任务绩效与主观自我报告的认知灵活性进行比较.
  • 阐明认知灵活性障碍在甲基胺成中的作用.

主要方法:

  • 利用了三个行为任务:内部维度 (ID) 和外部维度 (ED) 任务切换,以及威斯康星州卡片排序测试 (WCST).
  • 包括一个主观的自我报告措施来评估感知认知灵活性.
  • 在依赖甲基的人和健康对照人之间比较性能指标 (反应时间,准确性,错误).

主要成果:

  • 甲基胺依赖的个体在ID任务切换中表现出更高的反应时间切换成本.
  • 在甲基胺组的ED任务切换中观察到高精度切换成本.
  • 甲基胺组在WCST上做出了显著更多的持久性和非持久性错误.
  • 自我报告的认知灵活性得分在甲基胺组较低,与客观发现保持一致.

结论:

  • 在甲基胺依赖中,在行为和主观层面都发现了一致的认知灵活性障碍.
  • 这些缺陷包括规则更新,战略转移,反驱动的学习和认知设置转移.
  • 这些发现表明,甲基胺成中存在核心执行功能障碍,可能会阻碍适应性功能.