从家庭环境因素预测不良童年经历:一种机器学习方法
Nii Adjetey Tawiah1, Emmanuel A Appiah2, Felisha White3
1College of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, Delaware State University, 1200 N. DuPont Highway, Dover, DE 19901, USA.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 27, 2025
概括
机器学习可以主动识别有不良童年经历 (ACE) 风险的儿童. 使用家庭环境因素的模型达到82%的准确性,有助于为儿童福祉提供早期干预.
科学领域:
- 儿童健康 儿童健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 机器学习应用程序 机器学习应用程序
背景情况:
- 童年不良经历 (ACE) 对长期健康有严重的影响.
- 目前的ACE识别方法是反应性的,错过了早期干预的机会.
- 需要主动识别患有ACE风险的儿童.
研究的目的:
- 探索机器学习的潜力,以积极识别面临ACE暴露风险的儿童.
- 训练和验证机器学习模型,以预测ACE暴露类别.
主要方法:
- 利用了来自63,239名儿童 (2018-2020年NSCH) 的全国代表性数据.
- 训练并验证多个机器学习模型 (例如,随机森林) 来预测ACE暴露 (没有,一个,两个+).
- 使用准确度,精度,回忆,F1分数和AUC进行5倍交叉验证来评估模型性能.
主要成果:
- 随机森林模型实现了最高的预测准确度 (82%).
- 关键预测因素包括儿童的性行为,食物不足,学校缺勤率,亲子沟通和欺凌经历.
- 没有ACE的高性能 (F1=0.89),多个ACE的中等性能 (F1=0.64),单个ACE的低性能 (F1=0.55).
结论:
- 家庭环境因素可以以临床上有意义的准确性预测ACE暴露.
- 这些发现支持开发针对ACE的积极查协议.
- 实施需要解决对弱势儿童的偏见,临床效用和伦理考虑.
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