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相关概念视频

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

An Oncogenic Hepatocyte-Induced Orthotopic Mouse Model of Hepatocellular Cancer Arising in the Setting of Hepatic Inflammation and Fibrosis
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免疫检查点抑制剂超越各种固体瘤的进展:系统性审查和聚合分析.

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  • 1Oncology Unit, ASST Bergamo Ovest, 24047 Treviglio, BG, Italy.

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概括

癌症进展后持续使用免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 对精选患者,特别是患有黑色素瘤,肺癌和细胞癌的患者有好处. 需要进一步的研究来优化患者选择后进展免疫疗法.

关键词:
除了进展之外的进展.癌症 癌症 癌症 癌症 癌症免疫检查点抑制剂 免疫检查点抑制剂系统性审查 系统性审查

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科学领域:

  • 在瘤学瘤学.
  • 免疫治疗是一种免疫疗法.
  • 癌症研究 癌症研究

背景情况:

  • 免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 已经彻底改变了先进的癌症治疗.
  • 放射性进展后持续ICI的疗效尚不清楚.
  • 系统评估ICI延续后的进展是至关重要的.

研究的目的:

  • 评估持续免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 在放射性进展之后的疗效和安全性.
  • 分析客观应答率 (ORR),无进展生存率 (PFS) 和ICI延续的总生存率 (OS).
  • 确定可能从延长ICI治疗中受益的患者群体.

主要方法:

  • 系统审查和对2025年3月之前发表的研究进行元分析.
  • 包括回顾性队列,前性试验,后期分析和聚合性监管审查.
  • 使用纽卡斯尔-太华尺度和柯克兰偏差风险工具进行质量评估.

主要成果:

  • 包括50项涉及8989名患者的研究.
  • 持续ICI的客观反应率 (ORR) 在肺癌中为9.3-39%,在黑色素瘤中为14-100%,在细胞癌 (RCC) 中为8-33%.
  • 总生存期 (OS) 范围为8.9-18.2个月 (肺癌),12-29.9个月 (黑色素瘤) 和高达34.8个月 (RCC).

结论:

  • 选择患者,特别是患有黑色素瘤,肺癌,RCC或胃癌的患者,可能会从持续的ICI治疗中获益.
  • 治疗决策应考虑瘤生物学,性能状态和生物标志物.
  • 基于生物标志物的前性试验对于优化患者选择和治疗持续时间至关重要.