H5N1 菌株 2.3.4.4b:进化,全球传播和宿主范围扩张
Klaudia Chrzastek1, Carolin M Lieber2, Richard K Plemper2
1Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 27, 2025
概括
高致病性禽流感病毒 (H5 HPAIVs) 是一个全球性的威胁. H5类2.3.4.4b正在扩大,导致哺乳动物感染,突出显示需要监测.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 动物传播疾病流行病学
- 分子进化分子进化
背景情况:
- 高致病性禽流感病毒 (HPAIV) 的H5亚型对动物和公共健康构成重大全球威胁.
- 1996年出现的A/goose/Guangdong/1/96 (GsGD) H5血统已经多元化成多个类,导致家禽和野生鸟类的广泛爆发.
- 全球传播主要观察到三种类型:2.2,2.3.2.1和最近的2.3.4.4b.
研究的目的:
- 审查H5 HPAIV病毒的历史出现和全球传播.
- 为了分析H5 HPAIVs的分子进化.
- 专注于最近的扩张和哺乳动物溢出能力的H5 clade 2.3.4.4b.
主要方法:
- 科学出版物和疫情报告的文献综述.
- 对H5 HPAIV传播的流行病学数据的分析.
- 检查与H5 HPAIV演变相关的分子数据.
主要成果:
- H5 HPAIVs,特别是2.3.4.4b类,显示了持续的地理扩张和适应新环境,包括南极洲.
- 类别 2.3.4.4b 已经显示出越来越多的各种哺乳动物物种感染报告,包括伴侣动物,海洋哺乳动物和牲畜.
- 最近的牛对牛和牛对人传播的证据表明,禽流感流行病学发生了重大转变.
结论:
- H5 HPAIV 类别 2.3.4.4b 由于其全球范围和已证明的哺乳动物溢出能力,引起了越来越多的关注.
- 最近在牛群中发生的传播事件强调了H5 HPAIVs不断发展的动物感染潜力.
- 持续的全球监测和研究对于监测H5 HPAIVs的演变和传播以及减轻它们对动物和公共健康的影响至关重要.
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