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全球生物伦理学可以从伊斯兰法律学原则中受益吗?
Sayyed Mohamed Muhsin1,2, Abdurezak Abdulahi Hashi3, Nageeb Gounjaria4
1Department of Fiqh and Usul al-Fiqh, AHAS KIRKHS, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Bioethics
|September 27, 2025
概括
伊斯兰生物伦理学,从法典和马卡西德·沙里亚 (伊斯兰法律的更高目标) 中汲取,为西方个人主义提供了一个社区化的替代方案. 它强调保护生命 (ḥifẓ al-nafs) 和公共利益 (maṣlaḥah) 以实现更具包容性的全球生物伦理.
科学领域:
- 生物伦理学生物伦理学
- 伊斯兰法律学 (法学)
- 伊斯兰法律 (伊斯兰教) (Shari'ah)
背景情况:
- 西方生物伦理学是世俗的自由主义和保守的基督教之间的两极分化,边缘化非西方的观点.
- 世俗自由主义对个人自主权的关注与许多全球南方社会中的社区伦理相冲突.
- 保守的基督教生物伦理立场面临着由于被认为不灵活的挑战,需要更广泛的框架.
研究的目的:
- 探索伊斯兰生物伦理学,特别是法学和马卡西德·沙里阿对全球生物伦理学话语的贡献.
- 考察伊斯兰思想中关于生物伦理问题的普遍主义和现实主义的相互作用.
- 将伊斯兰道德框架与个人主义的西方生物伦理模型对比.
主要方法:
- 分析伊斯兰法律原则,包括法典和马卡西德·沙里阿.
- 考察伊斯兰法律中人类生命的概念及其保护,重点是关于ḥifẓ al-nafs.
- 在实现伦理目标时,探索马斯拉哈 (公共利益) 和伊斯兰法律的最大原则.
主要成果:
- 伊斯兰生物伦理把保护生命 (ḥifẓ al-nafs) 作为一个核心目标.
- 马斯拉哈 (公共利益) 的原则在伊斯兰道德决策中起着至关重要的作用.
- 伊斯兰道德强调家庭和社区的中心地位,与西方的个人主义形成鲜明对比.
结论:
- 菲克和马卡西德·沙里亚为更具包容性和务实性的全球生物伦理提供了宝贵的见解.
- 伊斯兰生物伦理提供了一个以社区和家庭为中心的伦理模式.
- 整合不同的文化和宗教观点,如伊斯兰伦理,对于推进全球生物伦理至关重要.
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