负电动汽车排放:车辆到电网可以激励足够的风能和太阳能投资,以逆转电动汽车充电排放
Jiahui Chen1,2, Michael T Craig1,3, Jeremy Michalek2,4,5
1School for Environment and Sustainability, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States.
Environmental science & technology
|September 27, 2025
概括
灵活的电动汽车 (EV) 充电,特别是车辆到电网 (V2G) 技术,可以通过激励可再生能源投资,显著减少电力系统的排放,而不是不受管理的充电.
科学领域:
- 环境科学 环境科学
- 能源系统工程 能源系统工程
- 电气工程 电气工程
背景情况:
- 电力系统分析往往忽略了新负载造成的结构变化.
- 插电式电动汽车 (PEV) 代表了带有潜在电网影响的越来越多的负载.
- 要了解PEV收费的全部排放后果,需要考虑诱导的基础设施变化.
研究的目的:
- 量化PEV收费造成的相关排放影响,包括运营和诱导可再生电力投资的影响.
- 为了比较直接与灵活/降低成本的PEV收费策略的排放外部性.
- 评估车辆到电网 (V2G) 技术在减轻PEV充电电网排放足迹方面的作用.
主要方法:
- 在美国主要电网运营商 (PJM) 上建模PEV收费的后续排放影响.
- 模拟10%的车队电气化场景,使用北美代表性的电网组合.
- 将排放外部效应与未考虑诱导可再生电力投资进行比较.
主要成果:
- 立即收取PEV收费增加了电网排放外部性,并为可再生能源投资提供了最小的激励.
- 灵活,降低成本的收费激励了风能和太阳能产能大幅增加 (4%单向,23%V2G).
- 对诱导可再生能源的核算反转了排放外部性,显示了灵活收费的净减少 (-230美元/PEV年) 和V2G (-2200美元/PEV年).
结论:
- 利用充电灵活性和V2G可以降低电力系统成本.
- 这些策略还通过推动可再生能源的部署,带来了大量的排放副效益.
- 优化PEV充电对于实现环境效益和电网脱碳至关重要.
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