华盛顿特区机动车碰撞伤害的趋势和差异
Ryan S D Calder1, Claire Summa2, Rachel Clark3
1Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Global Change Center, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, United States.
Accident; analysis and prevention
|September 27, 2025
概括
非致命交通伤害的种族差异很大,黑人和西班牙裔个体比白人个体的比例不成比例地高. 创伤数据揭示了越来越多的伤害趋势,挑战了官方事故数据的解释.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
- 运输安全运输安全
背景情况:
- 非致命的交通伤害远比死亡事故更为常见,但仅受伤碰撞的种族/民族差异仍未得到充分研究.
- 现有的数据库往往缺乏非致命事件的种族/种族数据,警方报告的事故数据 (例如,Vision Zero) 可能会因执法模式而产生偏见.
研究的目的:
- 用创伤登记数据量化华盛顿特区机动车碰撞创伤的种族/种族,时间和空间模式.
- 将调查结果与Vision Zero数据库进行比较,并确定常用的交通安全指标中的偏差.
主要方法:
- 对2019-2023年华盛顿特区创伤登记数据的分析.
- 根据种族/种族,道路使用者类型 (驾驶员,行人,骑自行车者) 和邮政编码表格区域 (ZCTA) 的伤害发病率的分层.
- 创伤注册结果与Vision Zero数据库趋势的比较.
主要成果:
- 在2019-2023年期间,每年每10万人口的整体伤害发病率从69增加到132.
- 与白人相比,黑人/非洲裔美国人的发病率比率 (IRR) 为≥4.3,西班牙裔/拉丁裔人的发病率比率为≥2.9.
- 在大多数ZCTA中发现了显著的差异,这不仅仅是由人口密度或危险的基础设施解释的.
结论:
- 创伤登记处的数据显示,在机动车碰撞伤害方面,存在大量和持续的种族/民族差异.
- 观察到的趋势挑战了Vision Zero仪表板报告的仅伤害事故的明显下降趋势,这表明由于警察干预减少而导致的数据偏差.
- 需要有针对性的干预措施,以解决交通安全方面的不平等问题,以帮助弱势道路使用者和少数群体.
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