大型语言模型与血栓形成专家:对静脉血栓塞栓症患者教育和临床决策的比较研究
Nikola Vladic1, Stephan Nopp2, Ingrid Pabinger3
1Division of Hematology and Haemostaseology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. Electronic address: https://x.com/VladicNikola.
Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH
|September 27, 2025
概括
大型语言模型 (LLM) 在患者对血栓形成和血液静止的教育方面表现出色,表现优于专家. 在临床决策方面,LLM还与专家的表现相匹配或超过,其反应与人类专家无法区分.
科学领域:
- 医疗人工智能 医疗人工智能
- 临床决策支持系统 临床决策支持系统
- 生物医学信息学 生物医学信息学
背景情况:
- 大型语言模型 (LLM) 在医学上表现有前途,但它们在血栓形成和血液静止中的实用性仍未得到检查.
- 在这个专业领域,LLM用于患者教育和临床决策的应用尚未被探索.
研究的目的:
- 为了比较LLM和人类专家在血栓形成和血液静止中产生的反应质量.
- 评估临床医生区分LLM生成和专家撰写的内容的能力.
主要方法:
- 三位LLM (Le Chat Pixtral Large,DeepSeek-R1,ChatGPT-4.5) 和三位血栓专家回应了患者教育和临床决策问题.
- 三十七名医生评价了响应的充分性,并估计了答案的来源 (LLM与人类).
- 统计分析包括t测试,威尔科克森测试和斯皮尔曼相关性,对P值进行邦费罗尼校正.
主要成果:
- 在患者教育响应方面,LLM显著优于专家,在所有测试模型中平均充足度得分更高.
- 在临床决策方面,DeepSeek-R1超过了专家,而Le Chat Pixtral Large和ChatGPT-4.5的表现与专家相提并论.
- 医生无法可靠地区分专家和LLM产生的反应.
结论:
- 士在静脉血栓塞栓症患者教育方面表现优异,在临床决策方面与专家的能力相匹配或超过.
- 通过LLM生成的响应与人类专家的响应无法区分,突出了他们的潜力.
- 尽管存在障碍,但LLM具有显著的潜力,可以提高临床管理和患者对血栓形成和血液静止的教育.
相关概念视频
Venous Thrombosis III: Interprofessional Care
280
Venous thrombosis requires effective prevention and treatment strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce potential complications.Prevention StrategiesHealthcare providers must prioritize preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) for all adult patients upon admission. Interventions depend on bleeding and thrombosis risk, medical history, current medications, diagnoses, planned procedures, and patient preferences. Patients on bed rest should change positions every two hours and, if not...
280
Venous Thrombosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies
294
The key difference between Superficial Vein Thrombosis (SVT) and Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) lies in their location and severity.Clinical ManifestationsSVT typically presents with localized pain, tenderness, and redness along the course of a superficial vein, often accompanied by a palpable, cord-like structure under the skin. This condition is usually less dangerous than DVT but can be uncomfortable and may lead to complications such as cellulitis or, rarely, a clot extension into the deep...
294
Venous Thrombosis IV: Nursing Management
201
Nursing management begins with a thorough assessment of the patient's health history. Key factors include trauma to veins, peripherally inserted central catheters, varicose veins, recent pregnancy or childbirth, surgery, bacteremia, prolonged bed rest, atrial fibrillation, COPD, heart failure, cancer, coagulation disorders, myocardial infarction, spinal cord injury, stroke, prolonged travel, recent bone fractures, and dehydration. Review medication intake, particularly oral contraceptives,...
201
Varicose Veins II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
190
Varicose veins, or varicosities, develop when the valves in the veins, which control blood flow, weaken or damage. It causes blood to pool and the veins to enlarge. Understanding the clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and management options for varicose veins is crucial for effective treatment and relief.Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations of varicose veins include a heavy, achy feeling or pain after prolonged standing or sitting. This discomfort can often be relieved by...
190
Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care
328
Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
328
Venous Thrombosis I: Introduction
373
Venous thrombosis, the most common disorder of the veins, involves the formation of a thrombus or blood clot associated with vein inflammation. It can be classified as either superficial vein thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis.Superficial Vein Thrombosis: This involves the formation of a thrombus in a superficial vein, usually the greater or lesser saphenous vein. Though less severe than deep vein thrombosis (DVT), SVT can lead to complications if untreated.Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): This...
373


