挪威鱼加工工业的工人中与工作有关的喘症状和肺功能:一个横截面研究
Carl Fredrik Fagernæs1,2, Hans Thore Smedbold3,2, Pål Richard Romundstad2
1Department of Occupational Medicine, St Olavs Hospital Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway carl.fredrik.fagernes@stolav.no.
Occupational and environmental medicine
|September 27, 2025
概括
由于暴露于生物气溶,职业喘在鱼加工中很普遍. 工人出现症状和肺功能下降,表明需要在所有加工区域采取预防措施.
科学领域:
- 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康 职业健康
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 呼吸系统药物 呼吸系统药物
背景情况:
- 鱼加工涉及暴露于生物气溶,这是已知的职业喘风险因素.
- 之前对鱼类加工工人的研究报告了喘患病率为12% - 24%,但缺乏对当前行业标准的概括性.
- 关于鱼类加工加工工人之间的片和屠宰工人之间的喘风险存在矛盾的结果.
研究的目的:
- 调查鱼加工工人中与工作相关的喘症状和肺功能的患病率.
- 评估鱼加工行业中生物气溶暴露水平与呼吸系统健康结果之间的关联.
- 为了比较不同的工作任务之间的喘风险,例如排泄和细分.
主要方法:
- 收集了来自9个鱼加工厂 (867名工人) 的问卷和螺旋测量数据 (2021-2023年).
- 根据工作任务和鱼处理的持续时间来定义生物气溶暴露.
- 利用后勤回归来比较喘症状和暴露组之间的肺功能,调整混因素.
主要成果:
- 20% (170/867) 的暴露工人报告了与工作有关的喘症状.
- 暴露与症状有关,但与肺功能无关.
- 在有螺旋计数据的暴露工人中,观察到9.8%的呼吸空气流量受限;平均肺功能低于参考值.
- 与片工人相比,排泄工人患喘症状的患病率略高 (OR 1.7).
结论:
- 在鱼加工中,与工作相关的喘症状的高患病率很可能是由生物气溶暴露驱动的.
- 鱼加工工人表现出呼吸空气流量限制增加和肺功能减少.
- 虽然排泄工人面临的风险略高,但所有暴露的工人需要采取预防措施防止生物气溶.
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