前额头和奖励系统中的补偿机制揭示了音乐家的延迟大脑衰老
Rui Ma1,2, Sijia Guo1,2, Haoyu Bian1,2
1The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, MOE Key Lab For Neuroinformation, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|September 28, 2025
概括
老年音乐家表现出保留的奖励系统激活,弥补了前额叶皮质活动减少. 这表明音乐训练有助于老年音乐家通过激活奖励系统来维持认知功能.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 认知心理学 认知心理学
- 音乐认知 音乐认知
背景情况:
- 奖励系统对于处理像音乐这样的奖励刺激至关重要,在认知衰老中发挥着作用.
- 虽然在老年音乐家中研究了前额叶皮和感觉皮层的相互作用,但对奖励系统的作用的理解较少.
- 研究老年音乐家奖励系统的补偿功能对于理解认知性至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 为了确定奖励系统是否支持老年音乐家的补偿机制.
- 探索音乐训练如何影响老化中的大脑活动和认知功能.
- 为了比较不同年龄段的音乐家和非音乐家之间的大脑激活模式.
主要方法:
- 招募了四组:年轻的音乐家,年长的音乐家,年轻的对照者和年长的对照者.
- 在愉快地听音乐时收集功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 数据.
- 采用交叉验证的预测建模,功能连接和行为相关性分析.
主要成果:
- 低频波动的幅度预测了音乐训练的持续时间,将专业知识与大脑活动联系起来.
- 年长的音乐家与年轻的音乐家表现出类似的腹部尾状和感官激活,但前额叶皮层活动减少.
- 与对照人群相比,在音乐家中观察到明显的前额外奖励系统合.
结论:
- 长期的音乐训练可能有助于老年音乐家保持奖励系统的激活.
- 这种持续的奖励系统激活可能会弥补前额活动减少,减轻认知负载.
- 音乐培训提供了一种潜在的补偿机制,以保护老年音乐家的认知功能.
更多相关视频
08:24The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
Published on: August 25, 2023
1.1K
13:12Translational Brain Mapping at the University of Rochester Medical Center: Preserving the Mind Through Personalized Brain Mapping
Published on: August 12, 2019
46.2K
相关概念视频
Neuroplasticity
1.5K
Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's remarkable capacity to adapt and evolve, responding dynamically to learning, experiences, or injury by reorganizing its neural circuitry. This reorganization involves creating new neural connections and refining old ones through a series of biological processes that contribute to the brain's lifelong development and adaptability.
1.5K
Aging
552
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
552
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
961
The cerebellum, while traditionally associated with motor control, also plays a crucial role in memory, particularly in procedural memory, which involves learning motor tasks that become automatic through repetition. For example, studies have shown that when the cerebellum is damaged, individuals or animals lose the ability to learn conditioned motor responses, such as the conditioned eye-blink response in classical conditioning experiments with rabbits. This study demonstrates the...
961
Compensation Mechanisms
1.9K
The human body employs intricate mechanisms to counteract changes in blood pH, preventing conditions like acidosis (pH < 7.35) and alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These compensatory responses aim to restore normal arterial blood pH by engaging respiratory or renal systems, depending on the source of the imbalance.
Respiratory Compensation
This mechanism addresses metabolic-induced pH imbalances by adjusting breathing rates. Respiratory compensation begins within minutes of detecting a pH...
Respiratory Compensation
This mechanism addresses metabolic-induced pH imbalances by adjusting breathing rates. Respiratory compensation begins within minutes of detecting a pH...
1.9K
The Effect of Aging on Tissues
3.1K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
3.1K
