在男性和女性的运动性能和衰老
1Movement Science Program, School of Kinesiolgy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.
概括
衰老显著降低了肌肉的强度和功率,特别是在中年开始的女性身上. 运动和力量训练可以减轻这些衰退,突出显示老化神经肌肉系统的适应性.
科学领域:
- 老年学是一门学科.
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
背景情况:
- 高度衰老导致运动性能显著下降,包括肌肉力量,速度和功率,从40岁左右开始,在65岁后加速.
- 这些与年龄相关的下降在女性中更为明显,与男性相比,肌肉强度,功率和运动表现的早期和更大程度的减少.
- 在老年人,特别是女性中,增加的疲劳和性能变化加剧了功能障碍和虚弱.
研究的目的:
- 审查关键的神经和肌肉机制背后的与年龄相关的运动性能下降.
- 为了检查在老年人中观察到的运动性能增加的变异性.
- 突出体力活动和抵抗训练对神经肌肉功能在衰老中的保护作用.
主要方法:
- 对关于衰老,运动性能和神经肌肉功能的现有文献的审查.
- 对神经和肌肉机制的分析,这些机制有助于导致肉症和功能衰退.
- 检查体育活动和抵抗训练对衰老神经肌肉系统的影响.
主要成果:
- 与年龄相关的衰退归因于肌肉缩 (特别是II型纤维),收缩速度减慢,神经肌肉结节退化和运动单元激活受损.
- 女人经历更快速和严重的与年龄相关的肌肉力量,功率和运动表现的减少.
- 身体活动和高阻力训练显示出保护作用,延迟功能衰退并展示神经肌肉适应能力.
结论:
- 老年人的肉症和运动功能受损是由肌肉和神经退行综合驱动的.
- 诸如体育活动和力量训练等干预措施可以有效地缓解与年龄相关的神经肌肉衰退.
- 需要进一步的研究来阐明特定的退化机制,并优化老年人的运动策略.
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