呼吸道同胞性病毒疫苗的有效性和安全性
K M Saif-Ur-Rahman1,2, Catherine King3, Seán Olann Whelan4
1Evidence Synthesis Ireland and Cochrane Ireland, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
|September 28, 2025
概括
呼吸道同胞病毒 (RSV) 疫苗有效地减少了老年人和婴儿的下呼吸道疾病. 然而,关于其他种群和长期安全性的证据仍然不确定.
科学领域:
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
背景情况:
- 呼吸道同胞病毒 (RSV) 是一种高度传染的病原体,在所有年龄组中引起呼吸道疾病.
- 现有的RSV疫苗的安全性和有效性对于公共卫生整合至关重要,但仍然不确定.
研究的目的:
- 系统地评估RSV疫苗的益处和危害,与所有人群中的各种比较剂相比.
- 评估RSV疫苗对RSV相关疾病,住院和死亡率的疗效,并评估严重不良事件 (SAE).
主要方法:
- 从2000年到2024年4月,在多个数据库 (CENTRAL,MEDLINE,Embase,ClinicalTrials.gov,WHO ICTRP) 进行了全面的系统文献搜索.
- 包括的研究是随机对照试验 (RCT) 和非随机干预研究 (NRSI),将RSV疫苗与安慰剂,无干预,其他疫苗或单克隆抗体 (mAbs) 进行比较.
- 偏差风险是使用Cochrane的ROB 2工具对RCT进行评估的.
主要成果:
- 在老年人中,RSV预注射疫苗在减少下呼吸道疾病方面表现出高效率 (77%).
- 用RSV F蛋白基疫苗对母亲进行疫苗接种,在减少婴儿接受医疗护理的RSV相关下呼吸道疾病方面显示出高效率 (54%).
- 关于RSV疫苗在生育年龄妇女和婴儿/儿童活体减弱疫苗的疗效和安全性的证据非常不确定.
结论:
- 在老年人中,RSV预注射疫苗有效预防RSV相关的呼吸道疾病.
- 母亲的RSV疫苗接种有效地保护婴儿免受RSV相关的严重下呼吸道疾病.
- 需要进一步的研究来澄清RSV疫苗在特定人群中的安全性和有效性,以及不同类型的疫苗.
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