社区卫生工作者的知识和对中国预先指令的态度:一项跨部门研究
1General Practice Ward, International Medical Center Ward, General Practice Medical Center, West China Hospital/West China School of Nursing, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Frontiers in public health
|September 29, 2025
概括
中国社区卫生工作者 (CHWs) 的知识较低,但对预先指令 (ADs) 的普遍支持. 缺乏立法阻碍了AD的实施,尽管支持和个人收养之间存在意愿差距.
科学领域:
- 老年学和生命末期护理
- 公共卫生和卫生政策
- 医学伦理和患者自主权
背景情况:
- 预先指示 (ADs) 对于终身护理中的患者自主性至关重要,但它们的实施在全球范围内各不相同.
- 在中国,公众和医疗保健专业人员对AD的认识特别低.
- 社区卫生工作者 (CHW) 在终身护理中发挥着至关重要的作用,但他们对中国AD的观点的研究很少.
研究的目的:
- 调查中国社区卫生工作者 (CHW) 关于预先指令 (AD) 的知识,态度和意图.
- 确定影响CHWs对ADs观点的因素.
- 为加强ADS在中国的实施提供政策建议.
主要方法:
- 在中国西南部的12个社区卫生中心对426名医疗卫生工作者进行了横截面调查.
- 数据收集使用在线调查问卷,涵盖人口统计,AD的知识,态度和意图.
- 统计分析包括千平方测试,t测试和二进制后勤回归来确定影响因素.
主要成果:
- 只有22.54%的医疗保健工作者先前了解AD,平均知识得分低 (3.82 ± 2.85).
- 虽然83.33%的人原则上支持AD,但只有46.95%的人表示愿意签署AD,并将缺乏立法作为主要障碍 (87.79%).
- 更高的ADS知识 (OR=1.250),更高的教育水平 (OR=1.547),以及对个人医疗决策参与的较低信念 (OR=0.386) 与ADS支持有显著的关联.
结论:
- 中国的医疗保健工作者表现出有限的AD知识,但总体上是积极的态度,表明需要有针对性的教育.
- 在对AD的表达支持和个人愿意采用它们之间存在很大的差距,被认为是法律障碍所加剧.
- 政策建议包括为辅助医生建立法律框架,澄清医疗保健医生在终身护理中的角色,并将辅助医生培训纳入医学教育.
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