饮用高度盐水所带来的不良健康结果:系统性审查
Eurydice Costopoulos1, Airi Imamura1,2, Nushrat Khan3
1Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, 90 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
European journal of epidemiology
|September 29, 2025
概括
气候变化正在增加饮用水的盐度,构成公共卫生风险. 高度的水与不良的心血管,脏和怀孕结果有关,需要适应和修订世卫组织指南.
科学领域:
- 环境健康 环境健康
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 适应气候变化 适应气候变化
背景情况:
- 沿海地区由于气候变化的影响而面临饮用水度上升,例如海平面上升和降雨模式变化.
- 饮用水源盐度增加是全球重大公共卫生问题,影响数百万.
- 世界卫生组织 (WHO) 现有的指导方针缺乏饮用水中的健康标准.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和评估将高盐度饮用水 (>200 mgNa/l) 与心血管,脏和与怀孕相关的不良健康结果联系在一起的证据.
- 评估有关饮用水中含量升高对健康影响的证据的质量和强度.
- 为响应气候变化引起的水盐化而制定公共卫生政策和适应战略提供信息.
主要方法:
- 按照PRISMA指南进行系统的文献审查,并纳入ROBINS-E Cochrane工具和导航指南.
- 搜索了五个文献数据库,以确定有关饮用水盐度和健康结果的相关研究.
- 对包含的研究进行偏差风险评估,以确定证据的质量和强度.
主要成果:
- 中等质量和证据的强度将高盐度的饮用水与不良结果联系起来:高血压,心血管疾病,功能受损,妊娠高血压,妊娠前,婴儿死亡率增加.
- 来自低或中等偏差风险研究的14项分析支持了高度水与负面健康影响之间的关联.
- 八项研究得出了不确定的结果,而三项分析表明,高度水的潜在益处.
结论:
- 饮用水的化可能会加剧与心血管,脏和怀孕相关的不良健康结果.
- 紧急和大规模的适应措施对于减轻这些公共卫生风险至关重要.
- 迫切需要修订世卫组织的指导方针,以包括饮用水中的健康标准.
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