在HPV疫苗引入17年后,人口层面的有效性和群体保护
Aislinn DeSieghardt1, Lili Ding1,2, Aaron Ermel3
1Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.
JAMA pediatrics
|September 29, 2025
概括
人类乳头瘤病毒 (HPV) 疫苗显示出强大的有效性和群体保护17年后引入,即使在高风险的年轻女性. 这支持正在进行的疫苗接种和癌症预防策略.
科学领域:
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 在瘤学瘤学.
背景情况:
- 临床试验表明HPV疫苗的有效性很高,但实际人口水平的数据是政策所需的.
- 在高风险的青春期女孩和年轻女性中,特别是在引入9价值HPV疫苗 (9vHPV) 后,其有效性尚不清楚.
研究的目的:
- 评估17年来HPV疫苗的有效性和群体保护.
- 评估疫苗对青春期女孩和年轻女性的影响,这些女孩和年轻女性患HPV感染和相关癌症的风险增加.
主要方法:
- 对6项监测研究 (2006-2023) 的横截面分析,涉及13-26岁的性经验丰富的女性.
- 在接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的参与者之间比较HPV类型的流行率,使用倾向性得分权重来调整混因素.
- 评估2 (2vHPV),4 (4vHPV) 和9vHPV疫苗的有效性.
主要成果:
- 从2006年到2023年,疫苗接种率大幅增加 (0%至82.1%).
- 在接种疫苗的参与者中,HPV阳性在所有疫苗类型中大幅下降 (例如,2vHPV的98.4%,4vHPV的94.2%,9vHPV的75.7%).
- 在所有参与者,接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的群体中,观察到HPV几率的显著降低,特别是2vHPV和4vHPV.
结论:
- HPV 疫苗接种在引入 17 年后,在人口层面提供了强大的有效性和群体保护.
- 这些发现支持HPV疫苗用于癌症预防,即使在HPV风险较高或疫苗接种不完整的人群中也是如此.
- 这项研究强调了HPV疫苗接种计划的长期公共卫生益处.
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