在表现确定审查中测量偏差的测量偏差
Kelli R Lahman1, Sean A Lauderdale2, Justin P Allen3
1Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston.
School psychology (Washington, D.C.)
|September 29, 2025
概括
种族和污名化偏见影响残疾学生的表现确定性审查 (MDRs). 调查结果突出了培训的必要性,以解决这些高风险的教育决策中的偏见.
科学领域:
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 特殊教育法 特殊教育法
- 关于残疾人的研究.
背景情况:
- 表现确定性审查 (MDR) 是联邦政府对面临长期退学的残疾学生的强制要求.
- 关于偏见在MDR决策过程中的影响的研究有限.
- 这些高风险的决定对残疾学生有重大影响.
研究的目的:
- 调查影响MDR决策的潜在种族和污名化偏见.
- 检查MDR知识,学生感知的意向性和MDR结果之间的关系.
- 确定学校人员特征如何影响MDR决策.
主要方法:
- 在线调查采用了实验和横截面策略,与105个地区的517名学校工作人员进行了在线调查.
- 参与者被随机分配阅读关于黑人或白人学生表现出可能与情绪障碍相关的行为问题的片段.
- 两项新开发的MDR措施评估了知识和感知到学生的意向性.
主要成果:
- 发现种族和污名化偏见与MDR决策有所不同.
- 更高的MDR实质知识仅与白人学生的表现决定有关.
- 对两种种族群体来说,感知到的学生意向与非表现决定相关. 黑人学生在LEA实施失败决策中面临更高的行为标准.
- 男性员工更倾向于非示威决定,并认为学生控制力更大. 教师持有更多负面的种族刻板印象.
结论:
- 基于证据的培训对于学校人员来说至关重要,以识别和减轻MDR中的偏见.
- 建议在MDRs之前评估团队成员的知识和潜在偏见.
- 解决种族和污名化偏见对于公平的MDR决策至关重要.
相关概念视频
Bias
7.2K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
7.2K
Bias in Epidemiological Studies
1.3K
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:
1.3K
Halo Effect
408
The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an individual's overall impression influences judgments about their specific traits. This psychological phenomenon leads people to associate positive characteristics with those they perceive as generally good and negative characteristics with those they view as bad. This effect is particularly influential in social perception, professional evaluations, and decision-making processes.The Psychological Basis of the Halo EffectThe halo effect is rooted...
408
Confirmation Biases
7.7K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
7.7K
Motivational Bias
313
Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
313
Regression Toward the Mean
6.8K
Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
6.8K


