通过合成数据生成,提高机器学习模型在疾病预测中的性能
M Kannan1, D Umamaheswari2, B Manimekala2
1Department of Computer Science, CHRIST University, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India. kannanmuthushankar@gmail.com.
Scientific reports
|September 29, 2025
概括
本研究介绍了先进的合成数据生成技术,包括SMOTE,ADASYN和Deep-CTGAN,以解决机器学习中的不平衡数据集. 拟议的框架显著提高了关键健康数据集的分类准确性和模型稳定性.
科学领域:
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 数据科学数据科学数据科学
- 生物信息学是一种生物信息学.
背景情况:
- 机器学习中的不平衡数据集导致有偏见的模型,有利于多数类,减少少数类的准确性.
- 传统模型在不平衡的数据中扎,这影响了医疗保健等关键应用中的预测性能.
- 有效地处理不平衡的数据对于开发强大的和可概括的机器学习模型至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 在机器学习分类任务中开发和验证一个新的框架,有效处理不平衡的数据集.
- 通过使用先进的合成数据生成技术,提高少数群体的代表性.
- 为了提高模型的稳定性,准确性和可解释性,不平衡的分类问题.
主要方法:
- 雇员合成少数群体过量抽样 (SMOTE) 和适应合成抽样 (ADASYN) 用于少数群体类型过量抽样.
- 利用了与ResNet集成的深度条件表式生成对抗网络 (Deep-CTGANs),用于数据增强.
- 应用TabNet分类器,以其对表格数据和顺序注意力机制的有效性而闻名,用于分类.
- 使用火车合成测试真实 (TSTR) 方法评估模型性能,并对COVID-19,脏和登革热数据集进行验证.
- 纳入了SHapley添加式解释 (SHAP) 来实现模型的解释性.
主要成果:
- 实现了高测试准确率:COVID-19的99.2%,脏的99.4%,登革热数据集的99.5%.
- 在真实数据和合成数据 (84.25%-87.35%) 之间展示了很高的相似度,证实了数据的可靠性.
- 在F1分数方面,TabNet显著优于Random Forest,XGBoost和KNN,这突显了所选择的分类器的有效性.
- SHAP分析提供了对特征重要性的明确见解,提高了模型的解释性.
结论:
- 拟议的框架有效地解决了数据不平衡的挑战,从而提高了准确性,稳定性和可解释性.
- 先进的合成数据生成和增强技术对于提高机器学习模型在不平衡数据集上的性能至关重要.
- TSTR评估方法和TabNet分类器为可靠评估和分类不平衡数据提供了强大的组合.
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