囊氨酸玛酶:一个潜在的长寿基因在选择中?
Gary J Ren1,2, Frances E Hauser1, Elissa Khodikian1,2
1Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, Canada.
Journal of molecular evolution
|September 29, 2025
概括
研究人员研究了长寿哺乳动物的硫化 (H2S) 生产基因,比如裸鼠. 他们发现,CSE基因表现出正选择,可能增强H2S的产生,并有助于延长寿命.
科学领域:
- 进化生物学是进化的生物学.
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 硫化 (H2S) 对生理过程至关重要,并通过氧化应激影响衰老.
- 内源的H2S生产涉及关键的酶:环氨酸-β-合成酶 (CBS),环氨酸-ƴ-酶 (CSE) 和3-mercaptopyruvate硫转移酶 (3-MST).
- 长寿哺乳动物可能具有与H2S代谢和寿命相关的独特遗传适应.
研究的目的:
- 研究长寿哺乳动物中CBS,CSE和3-MST基因的进化动态.
- 为了确定这些基因是否表现出与延长寿命相关的积极选择的迹象.
- 探索CSE基因进化的作用在裸鼠的非凡寿命.
主要方法:
- 在114种哺乳动物中对CBS,CSE和3-MST基因进行比较基因组分析.
- 应用基于编码子的进化模型来检测选择压力.
- 专注于赤裸的鼠 (Heterocephalus glaber) 作为长寿哺乳动物的模型.
主要成果:
- 在长寿哺乳动物的CSE基因中观察到净化选择的放松,而不是积极选择,这表明了适应性突变.
- CBS和3-MST基因没有显示与长寿相关的显著选择模式.
- 裸鼠的CSE基因表现出明显的阳性选择,具有增强蛋白质稳定性和辅因子结合的特定突变 (G116A,T118V).
结论:
- CSE基因,但不是CBS或3-MST,显示了与哺乳动物寿命的潜在相关性.
- 裸鼠中特定的CSE突变可能会改善H2S的产生,有助于其延长寿命和适应性.
- 这项研究提供了对长寿的分子基础和H2S生物发生的适应意义的见解.
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