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避免伤害他人激发了积极积极的社会行为

Claudia Massaccesi^1,2, Lei Zhang^1,3,4,5, Giorgia Silani⁶

¹Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

|October 1, 2025

概括

个人也会采取类似的身体努力来减轻自己的痛苦和别人的痛苦. 保护他人免受伤害激发了努力的社会行为,与金钱奖励场景形成鲜明对比.

科学领域:

心理学心理学心理学
神经科学是一个神经科学.
行为经济学是一种行为经济学.

背景情况:

社会福祉取决于保护他人免受伤害,这往往需要努力.
决策过程中,平衡努力成本与避免伤害,为他人带来好处的决策过程尚未得到充分理解.

研究的目的:

调查个人如何决定付出体力以减轻自己和他人痛苦.
为了比较基于努力的决策,以减少自我与其他专注的疼痛.

主要方法:

参与者施加体力 (力量),以减少对自己和另一个人的痛苦电击.
测量了承担努力成本的意愿和施加力的量.
通过努力减少疼痛被分析为自我和其他相关的选择.

主要成果:

参与者愿意付出努力或施加力量来减轻自己的疼痛与另一个人的疼痛没有发现显著差异.
很少有证据表明,自我和其他相关决策之间的努力减轻疼痛的差异性折扣.
结果与金钱奖励的结果形成鲜明对比,金钱奖励的结果与金钱奖励的结果形成鲜明对比,金钱奖励的结果与金钱奖励的结果形成鲜明对比,金钱奖励的结果与金钱奖励的结果形成鲜明对比,金钱奖励的结果与金钱奖励的结果形成鲜明对比.

结论:

个人也同样有动力去努力避免自己和其他人的痛苦.
积极的亲社会行为主要是由防止对他人的伤害的前景所激励的.
福利的性质 (疼痛避免与金钱收益) 极大地影响了亲社会动机和努力分配.

关键词:

努力折扣努力折扣基于努力的决策方式.避免伤害避免伤害疼痛疼痛疼痛疼痛亲社会行为亲社会行为.社会决策的社会决策.

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