一种合成脂质体纳米粒子疫苗平台,用于广泛的疫苗设计
Mo Zhang1, Zihan Gao2, Sheng Feng2
1National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
Nano letters
|October 1, 2025
概括
一种新型的脂质纳米粒子 (LNP) 疫苗平台有效地诱导广泛的免疫力,对抗像SARS-CoV-2和HIV-1这样快速变异的病毒. 这种纳米疫苗策略增强了免疫反应,并提供了对多种病毒变异的保护.
科学领域:
- 疫苗学 疫苗学 疫苗学
- 纳米技术 纳米技术
- 病毒学 病毒学
背景情况:
- 像SARS-CoV-2和HIV-1这样的新兴病毒,由于快速突变和免疫逃避,存在重大疫苗接种挑战.
- 传统的疫苗接种方法难以引起针对这些高度可变的病原体的广泛和持久的免疫反应.
研究的目的:
- 开发一种使用模块化脂质体纳米颗粒 (LNP) 的多功能纳米疫苗平台,以诱导对高度可变病毒的广泛和持久免疫力.
- 整合三元免疫原和协同辅助剂,以提高疫苗的疗效.
主要方法:
- 一个自组装的SARS-CoV-2受体结合域 (RBD) 三元体 (RM) 通过MTQ和Ni2+/His-tag合在LNP上方向显示.
- 与QS-21,MPLA和R848辅助剂一起加载LNP,以增强免疫刺激.
- 评估了RM-LNP配方的抗原稳定性,淋巴结向,生殖中心反应和抗体中和.
主要成果:
- RM-LNP疫苗增强了抗原的稳定性,改善了淋巴结的向性,并促进了生殖中心的反应.
- 获得了高度的广泛中和抗体和强大的T细胞和B细胞免疫力.
- 该疫苗对SARS-CoV-2 Omicron亚型进行了强有力的中和,并保护小鼠免受Delta,BA.5和XBB感染.
- 该平台还显示了对HIV-1 Tier 2菌株的显著广泛中和.
结论:
- 模块化LNP疫苗平台是针对高度可变病毒开发有效疫苗的通用策略.
- 这种方法对抗新出现的传染病和开发下一代疫苗来对抗艾滋病毒-1等病原体具有前景.
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