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发生性高血压儿童的风险因素模式和血管健康:ExAMIN Youth SA研究

Jonathan Nsamba¹, Danielle Swanepoel¹, Leandi Lammertyn^1,2

¹Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Journal of human hypertension

|October 1, 2025

概括

儿童暴露于不健康的饮食模式与早期心血管疾病和高血压有关. 这些风险因素会影响5岁儿童的血管健康,强调了早期干预的必要性.

科学领域:

儿童心脏病学儿童心脏病学
心血管流行病学心血管流行病学
营养科学营养科学

背景情况:

儿童心血管风险因素导致心血管疾病和高血压的早期发病.
了解青春期前儿童的这些危险因素对于预防长期血管并发症至关重要.

研究的目的:

调查青春期前儿童 (5-9岁) 的心血管风险因素模式.
分析这些模式与宏观和微观血管的测量之间的关联,按血压 (BP) 状态分层.

主要方法:

探索性因子分析用于确定ExAMIN Youth SA研究中的1043名儿童的风险因子模式 (FPS).
测量包括人体测量,心肺健康,饮食摄入量,办公室血压,中央脉冲波速率 (PWV),中央视网膜动脉 (CRAE),中央视网膜静脉等效 (CRVE) 和它们的比率 (AVR).

主要成果:

确定了三个因素模式得分 (FPS). 在正常血压和高血压组中,FPS1 (不健康食品) 和FPS2 (健康食品/SES) 都存在.
FPS3 (BMI,BP) 是唯一的正常压力组. 在正常血压儿童中,PWV与FPS3相关,在高血压儿童中与FPS2相关.
在正常血压儿童中,CRAE和AVR与FPS3相反相关,但在高血压儿童中与FPS1相反. 在正常血压儿童中,CRVE与FPS3积极相关.

结论:

儿童不健康的饮食模式会对血管健康产生负面影响,特别是在高血压发展的背景下.
这些影响从年轻时就显而易见 (早在五岁),这强调了早期生活方式干预的重要性.
特定的风险因素模式与血管测量有不同的关联,这取决于青春期前儿童的血压状况.

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