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运动干预对ADHD学龄儿童执行功能的影响:系统性审查和元分析

Ruinan Liu¹, Zehui Wen², Dong Han¹

¹School of Athletic Performance, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, China.

BMC public health

|October 2, 2025

概括

运动干预显著改善了ADHD儿童的抑制控制和工作记忆. 然而,对认知灵活性的影响是有限的,并取决于测量方法.

科学领域:

神经科学和行为科学神经科学和行为科学
儿科心理学儿科心理学
运动科学运动科学

背景情况:

执行功能缺陷是患有注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的学龄儿童的主要问题.
现有的关于ADHD运动干预措施的研究往往缺乏一致性,原因是测量工具和评分的差异.
这项研究通过分析运动对ADHD儿童执行功能的影响来解决这些局限性,考虑到测量偏差.

研究的目的:

评估运动干预措施在被诊断为ADHD的学龄儿童中增强执行功能的有效性.
研究不同的测量范式和评分方法如何调节运动对执行职能结果的影响.
为了更清楚地了解运动在管理与ADHD相关的执行功能缺陷中的作用.

主要方法:

在主要数据库 (PubMed,Embase,Web of Science等) 进行了系统的文献搜索. 在2024年12月28日之前.
包括16个随机对照试验 (RCT),专门研究ADHD儿童的运动干预措施.
使用Stata 17.0进行了元分析,以综合发现并评估缓解效应.

主要成果:

运动干预措施在改善ADHD儿童的抑制控制和工作记忆方面表现出显著的积极影响,无论分数方法 (正或反).
仅在使用反向评分方法时,对认知灵活性的影响是显著的,在积极评分下没有观察到显著的影响.
亚组分析显示,运动干预措施的有效性因所使用的特定测量工具和评分技术而异.

结论:

运动干预措施有效地增强了ADHD的学龄儿童的抑制控制和工作记忆.
在这个人群中,运动对认知灵活性的益处似乎有限,并且取决于评估方法.
干预效应明显受到测量范式和评分惯例的选择的影响,突出了对标准化方法的需求.

关键词:

更多关于 ADHD ADHD 的文章执行职能执行职能执行职能练习干预措施的使用.进行元分析分析.学校年龄的孩子们.

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