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在现实世界中,埃及水果蝙蝠和黑鼠之间的复杂竞争相互作用

Xing Chen¹, Lee Harten², Adi Rachum¹

¹School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, 6997801, Tel Aviv, Israel.

|October 2, 2025

概括

埃及水果蝙蝠根据老鼠的存在和食物的可用性改变了食行为,因为掠食风险和竞争而表现出避免和提高警. 它们的策略随着季节的变化而动态变化,在管理生态相互作用方面表现出行为灵活性.

科学领域:

行为生态学行为生态学
跨物种相互作用跨物种相互作用
捕食者-猎物的动态.

背景情况:

跨物种相互作用是关键的生态驱动因素,但在野生种群中,从掠食风险中量化非消费效应 (NCE) 是具有挑战性的.
埃及水果蝙蝠 (Rousettus aegyptiacus) 和黑鼠 (Rattus rattus) 在半自然的殖民地被研究,以评估食物竞争和掠食风险.

研究的目的:

量化掠食风险对寻食物的埃及水果蝙蝠的非消费性影响 (NCE).
调查资源的可用性和掠食者丰富性如何影响蝙蝠和大鼠的相互作用和食策略.

主要方法:

在蝙蝠群中使用视频分析进行了为期7个月的观察研究.
监测蝙蝠着陆,食成功,警,以及对黑鼠存在的行为反应.

主要成果:

蝙蝠对老鼠的反应不同于同物种相互作用,主要涉及避免和减少在食物附近降落.
当老鼠在场时,蝙蝠表现出更高的警性和更少的食成功,这表明了显著的NCEs.
采食策略取决于环境,从冬季的不愿冒风险行为 (避免,警) 转变为春季的干扰竞争和对老鼠的侵略,与资源可用性和老鼠丰富度相关.

结论:

蝙蝠与老鼠的相互作用是由资源的可用性调节的,影响老鼠的存在以及干扰竞争和NCE之间的平衡.
行为灵活的动物根据季节性生态条件战略管理竞争和掠食风险.
这项研究提供了针对生态因素的动态行为调整的定量证据.

关键词:

拉图斯 (Rattus) 拉图斯 (Rattus) 是一个小鼠.罗塞图斯 (Rousettus aegyptiacus) 是一个古埃及的植物.行为可塑性行为可塑性干扰竞争干扰竞争非消费效应的非消费效应感知到的掠食风险季节性的动态季节性的动态警警警警的意思

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