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怀孕的汽车乘客受伤模式和安全带的有效性:来自美国事故数据的证据,1998-2021年

Corina Espelien¹, Ruyun Jin², Michelle L Oyen³

¹Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Center for Applied Biomechanics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22911, USA.

Injury epidemiology

|October 2, 2025

概括

安全带显著减少了在机动车辆碰撞 (MVCs) 中孕妇的严重伤害. 研究表明,它们可以防止整个身体和关键区域受到伤害,而不会增加胎儿的风险.

科学领域:

创伤研究研究创伤研究
乘客安全工作人员的安全.
孕产妇和胎儿的医学

背景情况:

机动车辆碰撞 (MVC) 是孕妇中创伤和胎儿死亡的主要原因.
对舒适性和胎儿安全的担忧导致一些孕妇避免使用安全带,尽管它们已被证明具有预防伤害的好处.
停滞不前的安全带使用率和不当使用突出了对安全带在孕妇中有效性的进一步研究的需要.

研究的目的:

评估安全带在预防MVC中涉及的孕妇乘客全身伤害方面的有效性.
评估安全带对孕妇身体特定区域受伤的影响.
确定影响MVC期间孕妇乘客受伤风险的车辆和乘客因素.

主要方法:

从国家汽车采样系统 - 防撞数据系统 (NASS-CDS) 和撞车调查采样系统 (CISS) 分析1998年至2021年的撞车数据.
包括专门针对参与机动车辆碰撞的孕妇乘客的数据.
根据相关乘客和车辆特征进行统计调整,以隔离安全带使用的影响.

主要成果:

在孕妇中,安全带被发现有效地预防了全身伤害和身体关键区域的伤害,包括大脑,胸部和骨盆.
虽然三点安全带可以改善孕妇的整体伤害结果,但在保护特定区域 (如腹部和子宫/胎盘) 方面,其有效性可能会提高.
没有发现在机动车碰撞时佩戴安全带导致孕妇乘客受伤的风险增加.

结论:

安全带是孕妇乘客的关键安全装置,可显著降低机动车辆碰撞中受伤的严重程度.
对安全带系统的进一步研究和潜在的设计改进可以进一步优化对孕妇身体脆弱区域的保护.
目前的证据支持建议孕妇在旅行期间始终佩戴安全带,以减轻MVC相关的创伤风险.

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