相关实验视频
Updated: Jan 16, 2026
02:43
Importance of Jumping Ability in Handball Throwing Speed and Accuracy
Published on: April 4, 2025
1.3K
在投过程中上肢肌肉协同作用的发育变化:学龄前儿童和学龄儿童之间的比较
Hiroki Saito1,2,3, Ayane Kusafuka4, Taishi Okegawa3
1Department of Physical Therapy, Tokyo University of Technology, Tokyo, Japan.
iScience
|October 2, 2025
概括
儿童通过开发更专业的肌肉运动来完善投技巧. 较大的儿童由于分成的肌肉协同作用,提高了准确性和速度,增强了运动控制.
科学领域:
- * 发育期运动控制
- * 人类运动的生物力学.
- * 儿科神经肌肉适应症
背景情况:
- * 投是一种基本的运动技能,在儿童时期显著发展.
- * 驱动这种发育改进的基础神经肌肉机制尚未完全理解.
- *了解肌肉协调是解释投性能改善的关键.
研究的目的:
- *为了比较学龄前儿童和学龄儿童在高臂投时的上肢肌肉协同作用.
- * 调查肌肉招募策略如何随着年龄和投能力的变化.
- * 确定神经肌肉控制中的发育适应,以提高投性能.
主要方法:
- *16个上肢肌肉的电肌图活动记录在3-5岁 (n=13) 和6-9岁 (n=8) 的儿童身上.
- *球运动被捕获,因为参与者向目标投球.
- *使用非负矩阵因子化 (NMF) 来提取和分析肌肉结构和稀疏性的协同作用.
主要成果:
- * 与学龄儿童相比,学龄儿童表现出更高的球速度和更好的准确性.
- *较大的孩子表现出更大的肌肉协同稀疏,表明更有选择性的肌肉招募.
- * 集群分析显示,在学龄前儿童中,从较少,更普遍的协同效应到更多的,更专业的协同效应,在学龄儿童中发生了发展转变.
结论:
- *儿童的投性能通过将肌肉协同作用分成专门的组件来提高.
- *这种发育适应改善了投运动期间的能量传输效率和控制.
- * 结果强调了协同分成的重要性,作为儿童发育中精细运动技能的关键机制.
相关概念视频
01:09Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age
3.4K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
3.4K
01:24Muscle Coordination and Action
3.0K
Muscle coordination is a complex and finely tuned process essential for smooth and purposeful movements like flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation. The human body orchestrates the actions of various muscles working in concert, each with a specific role. Four functional types describe how muscles work together: agonist, antagonist, synergist, and fixator.
Agonists
Agonist muscles, often called prime movers, are the primary muscles responsible for producing a specific movement....
Agonists
Agonist muscles, often called prime movers, are the primary muscles responsible for producing a specific movement....
3.0K
01:23Muscles of the Shoulder
8.9K
The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
Anterior Thoracic Muscles
The anterior thoracic muscles include the serratus anterior, subclavius, and...
8.9K
01:31Muscles that Move the Arm
4.6K
Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
4.6K
01:07Development of the Limb Synovial Joints
2.2K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
2.2K
01:19Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
6.9K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
6.9K