Jove
Visualize
联系我们
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
关于 JoVE
概览领导团队博客JoVE 帮助中心
作者
出版流程编辑委员会范围与政策同行评审常见问题投稿
图书馆员
用户评价订阅访问资源图书馆顾问委员会常见问题
研究
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments存档
教育
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab Manual教师资源中心教师网站
使用条款与条件
隐私政策
政策

相关概念视频

Reason and Intuition01:37

Reason and Intuition

7.4K
The human brain processes information for decision-making using one of two routes: an intuitive system and a rational system (Epstein, 1994; popularized by Kahneman, 2011 as System 1 and System 2, respectively). The intuitive system is quick, impulsive, and operates with minimal effort, relying on emotions or habits to provide cues for what to do next, while the rational system is logical, analytical, deliberate, and methodical. Research in neuropsychology suggests that the...
7.4K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

898
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
898
Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

5.1K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
5.1K
Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

6.8K
The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
6.8K
Heuristics01:21

Heuristics

656
Heuristics are problem-solving strategies that use mental shortcuts to simplify decision-making. Unlike algorithms, which must be followed precisely to achieve a correct result, heuristics offer a general problem-solving framework. They save time and energy but can sometimes lead to less rational decisions.
People often rely on heuristics when faced with an overload of information, limited time, low importance of the decision, limited information, or when a heuristic readily comes to mind. For...
656
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

6.9K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
6.9K

您也可能阅读

相关文章

通过共同作者、期刊和引用图与本文相关的文章。

排序
Same author

Homeostasis after injury: How intertwined inference and control underpin post-injury pain and behaviour.

PLoS computational biology·2026
Same author

Factorized embedding of goal and uncertainty in the lateral prefrontal cortex guides stably flexible learning.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Forward and reverse engineering the pain system: from computational neuroscience to neuro-engineering.

Pain·2025
Same author

Brain signatures of nociplastic pain: Fibromyalgia Index and descending modulation at population level.

Brain : a journal of neurology·2025
Same author

Circuit mechanisms of GPe pauses account for adaptive exploration.

Research square·2025
Same author

Neurofeedback modulation of insula activity via MEG-based brain-machine interface: a double-blind randomized controlled crossover trial.

Communications biology·2025

相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 16, 2026

High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex to Enhance Metacognitive Sensitivity
06:11

High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex to Enhance Metacognitive Sensitivity

Published on: September 26, 2025

828

在人类决策中平衡安全和效率.

Pranav Mahajan1, Shuangyi Tong2, Sang Wan Lee3,4,5

  • 1Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

eLife
|October 2, 2025
PubMed
概括

大脑是大脑的大脑.

关键词:
帕夫洛夫人的偏见勘探-开发的权衡权衡.人类 人类 人类 人类 人类 人类 人类神经科学 神经科学强化学习是一种强化学习.安全性和效率的权衡.

更多相关视频

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

6.4K
Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

9.1K

相关实验视频

Last Updated: Jan 16, 2026

High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex to Enhance Metacognitive Sensitivity
06:11

High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation over Right Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex to Enhance Metacognitive Sensitivity

Published on: September 26, 2025

828
Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents
07:05

Operant Protocols for Assessing the Cost-benefit Analysis During Reinforced Decision Making by Rodents

Published on: September 10, 2018

6.4K
Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

9.1K

科学领域:

  • 神经科学是一个神经科学.
  • 计算神经科学是一种神经科学.
  • 决策科学 决策科学 决策科学

背景情况:

  • 安全效率困境是勘探中的一个关键挑战,与一般的勘探开发问题不同.
  • 当前的模型经常整合奖励和惩罚,可能会忽视大脑独立的恐惧学习系统.

研究的目的:

  • 研究在探索性决策过程中保持特定的恐惧记忆的计算优势.
  • 模拟帕夫洛夫的恐惧系统如何增强安全和高效的学习.

主要方法:

  • 进行了模拟来测试一个模型,其中帕夫洛夫规避调解基于不确定性的工具决策.
  • 一个人类虚拟现实实验涉及接近-撤回任务被用来验证模型的预测.

主要成果:

  • 模拟表明,整合恐惧记忆可以促进更安全,更有效的学习.
  • 灵活的回避模型在实验中准确地捕获了人类的选择行为和反应时间.

结论:

  • 帕夫洛夫的恐惧系统通过塑造灵活的探索行为,在决策中发挥了复杂的作用.
  • 这项研究提供了一个计算精确的框架,以了解恐惧对探索和安全的影响.