神经退行和衰老:病理生理学,诊断和治疗目标
Abhay Thakur1, Rahul Sharma2, Rohit Sharma3
1School of Pharmaceutical and Health Science, Career Point University, Hamirpur, H.P., 176041, India.
Inflammopharmacology
|October 2, 2025
概括
大脑衰老通过细胞损伤和功能障碍加速神经退行. 了解这些过程和开发特定于衰老的治疗方法对于对抗与年龄相关的大脑疾病至关重要.
科学领域:
- 神经科学是一个神经科学.
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
背景情况:
- 衰老是神经退行性疾病的主要危险因素,如阿尔茨海默氏症 (AD),肌缩侧面硬化症 (ALS),帕金森病 (PD),前性痴呆症 (FTD) 和亨廷顿病 (HD).
- 由于各种细胞和分子变化,神经元结构和功能随着年龄的增长而下降.
研究的目的:
- 检查驱动大脑衰老的关键过程及其对神经退化的影响.
- 审查与年龄相关的神经疾病的早期检测和分类方面的进展.
- 突出关键的未来研究方向,以有效治疗老龄化人口.
主要方法:
- 审查细胞过程,包括细胞亡,线粒体功能障碍,氧化应激,蛋白质错折,神经炎症,废物清除受损和脑血管恶化.
- 对老化脑细胞,线粒体效率,DNA损伤和蛋白质聚合 (tau,粉样β,α-synuclein) 的人类和动物研究的分析.
- 评估诊断工具,如脑脊液 (CSF) 生物标志物,血液测试,神经成像和人工智能 (AI) 算法.
主要成果:
- 老化的大脑细胞表现出 mitochondrial 功能减少和显著增加的氧化 DNA 损伤.
- ,粉样β和α-synuclein的积累与老年人的认知能力下降有关.
- 脑血循环受损,突触可塑性降低和神经发生率下降加剧了与年龄相关的神经衰退.
结论:
- 对老年人神经退行性疾病的有效治疗需要专注于老化特异性研究,多omics集成和肠-大脑轴研究.
- 了解系统衰老与大脑健康之间的相互作用至关重要.
- 解决细胞和分子衰老机制是开发未来疗法的关键.
相关概念视频
Alzheimer's Disease: Overview
1.5K
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
1.5K
Parkinson's Disease: Overview
1.7K
Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
1.7K
Alzheimer's Disease: Treatment
736
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
736
Aging
552
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
552
The Effect of Aging on Tissues
3.1K
Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
3.1K
Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age
172
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
172


