一把双刃剑:内源逆转录病毒在中的多重作用
Qi Liu1, Sifan Ji1, Tuanhui Ren2
1College of Animal Science and Technology/ Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China; Luoyang Key Laboratory of Functional Microbiology and Animal Health, Luoyang, 471003, China; The Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Public Health, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471003, China.
Poultry science
|October 2, 2025
概括
内源逆转录病毒 (ChERV) 是古老的病毒元素,集成到基因组中. 研究它们的表观遗传调节和宿主相互作用对于理解鸟类进化和开发抗病家禽至关重要.
科学领域:
- 基因组学和进化生物学
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 禽畜科学 禽畜科学 禽畜科学
背景情况:
- 内源逆转录病毒 (ChERV) 是古老逆转录病毒感染的遗留物,集成到鸟类生殖系中,占基因组的3-5%.
- 切尔维提供了对鸟类进化和宿主病毒相互作用的见解,许多人失去了复制能力,但保留了转录活动.
- 切尔维插入影响的特征,如蛋颜色和羽毛,并通过它们的长端重复调节宿主基因表达.
研究的目的:
- 突出ChERVs在鸟类生物学,进化和家禽养殖中的重要性.
- 强调需要对ChERV表观遗传机制和宿主相互作用进行更深入的研究.
- 探索ChERV研究的潜力,以促进家禽的疾病抵抗力和繁殖.
主要方法:
- 关于内源逆转录病毒 (ChERVs) 的现有研究的审查和综合.
- 对CHERV序列,插入部位和转录活动的分析.
- 检查CHERV在宿主基因表达和免疫反应中的调节作用.
主要成果:
- 切尔维病毒影响宿主特征和基因表达,调节胚胎发育和天生的免疫力.
- 切尔维病毒可以通过与外源病毒相互作用而导致疾病,可能导致瘤和免疫抑制.
- 切尔维病毒可以与其他病原体协同作用,对家禽健康构成风险.
结论:
- 了解ChERV对于家禽养殖和疾病管理至关重要.
- 对ChERV表观遗传调节和分子相互作用的进一步研究是必要的.
- 来自ChERV研究的见解可以推动抗病禽养殖的进步.
相关概念视频
Mechanisms of Retrovirus-induced Cancers
6.9K
Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
6.9K
Retroviruses
14.6K
Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
14.6K
LTR Retrotransposons
19.4K
LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
19.4K
Retrovirus Life Cycles
49.3K
Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
49.3K
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer
6.2K
Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
6.2K
Viral Recombination
24.9K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
24.9K


