针对宿主的抗病毒药物作为呼吸道病毒的宽谱抑制剂
Rudolf K Beran1, Arya Vijjapurapu1, Varsha Nair1
1Gilead Sciences, Foster City, CA, USA.
Current opinion in virology
|October 2, 2025
概括
针对宿主的抗病毒药物 (HTA) 提供了一种对抗呼吸道病毒的有希望的策略,克服了直接作用抗病毒药物的局限性. HTA针对宿主因素,降低病毒耐药性,扩大新出现和常见呼吸道感染的治疗潜力.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 传染性疾病 传染性疾病
- 药物发现 药物发现 药物发现
背景情况:
- 由流感,RSV,犀利病毒和SARS-CoV-2等病毒引起的急性呼吸道感染 (ARI) 是一个主要的全球健康问题.
- 目前的抗病毒药物开发主要集中在直接作用抗病毒药物 (DAA),这些药物向病毒蛋白.
- DAAs面临的挑战包括病毒特异性和病毒耐药性的发展.
研究的目的:
- 审查对呼吸道病毒复制和组装至关重要的宿主因素.
- 探索针对宿主的抗病毒药物 (HTA) 作为广泛的治疗策略.
- 讨论呼吸道病毒HTA开发的挑战和机遇.
主要方法:
- 对宿主因子和向呼吸道病毒的小分子抑制剂的文献综述.
- 对直接作用抗病毒药物 (DAA) 和向宿主抗病毒药物 (HTA) 作用机制的分析.
- 检查宿主途径,包括酸受体,脂质代谢,激酶信号传递,酶和核酸生物合成.
主要成果:
- 针对宿主的抗病毒药物 (HTA) 利用保存的宿主蛋白质,与DAA相比,具有针对更广泛的病毒和降低抗性的潜力.
- HTA针对病毒生命周期的各个阶段,包括进入,复制,组装和退出.
- 研究的关键宿主因素包括酸受体,脂质,酸酸酶,基因激活蛋白酶,细胞螺旋体和核酸生物合成途径.
结论:
- HTAs为DAA提供了可行的替代品,用于对抗呼吸道病毒感染,包括由新兴病毒引起的病毒.
- 克服安全性方面的挑战,并将体外疗效转化为体外结果对于成功的HTA开发至关重要.
- 向宿主因素为开发针对各种呼吸道病毒的广泛抗病毒药物提供了一个有希望的途径.
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