自我报告的听力损失和助听器使用的性别差异:一个跨国比较
Anastasia Lam1,2, Yana C Vierboom3, Jessica S West4,5
1Department of Social Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
BMJ global health
|October 2, 2025
概括
全球听力损失的患病率因国家和性别而异. 许多有高听力损失率的国家的助听器使用率很低,这表明需要有针对性的干预措施.
科学领域:
- 老年学是指老年学的学科.
- 公共卫生 公共卫生
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 据估计,2019年全球约有157亿人经历了听力损失.
- 自我报告的措施为访问有限的地区提供了客观听力学评估的替代方案.
- 由于生物和社会因素,听力损失的患病率可能因性别而异.
研究的目的:
- 估计自我报告的听力损失和助听器使用的全球患病率和性别比例.
- 分析50岁及以上人群中听力损失和助听器使用的国际变化.
- 确定受听力损失影响最大的群体,以便分配资源.
主要方法:
- 利用了28个国家的"全球老龄化门户"和南非国家收入动态研究的数据.
- 定义听力损失作为自我报告的公平/差听力或助听器使用.
- 包括664,580个50岁以上个体的观察结果.
主要成果:
- 中国 (65%),韩国 (39%),墨西哥 (33%) 和巴西 (31%) 等国家报告听力损失很高,但使用助听器很少 (中国1%).
- 一般来说,男性报告的听力损失比女性更多,除了中国,韩国和南非.
- 听力损失和助听器使用量随着年龄的增长而增加,而性别差异往往减少.
结论:
- 具体的国家背景显著影响人们对听力和助听器的采用.
- 干预策略可能在有高听力损失流行率和低助听器使用率的地区最有效.
- 了解全球变异对于制定有效的听力损失公共卫生战略至关重要.
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