subgingival

Irene Yang1, Xiaojia He2, Jennifer Jeon3,4

  • 1School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. irene.yang@emory.edu.

Scientific reports
|October 2, 2025
PubMed
概括

电子尼古丁输送系统改变了口腔微生物组,增加了有害细菌和炎症. 高强度的电子烟与更大的口腔健康风险和潜在的牙周病有关.