世界各地受高度致病性禽流感A (H5N1) 影响的野生鸟类:对最近泛动物病毒的流行病学见解
Pablo Plaza1, Andrea Santangeli2,3, Natalia Rosciano1
1Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue-CONICET, Bariloche, Argentina.
Global change biology
|October 3, 2025
概括
高致病性禽流感A (H5N1) 在全球传播,野生鸟类驱动传播. 人类改变息地的群体性,非迁徙鸟类面临的风险最高,为有针对性的监测工作提供了信息.
科学领域:
- 兽医病毒学 兽医病毒学
- 野生动物流行病学
- 保护生物学 保护生物学
背景情况:
- 新出现的传染病,特别是高度致病性禽流感A (H5N1),对全球野生动物群体构成重大威胁.
- 野生鸟类被认为是传播和传播禽流感病毒的关键载体.
- 全球变化加剧了病原体的影响,增加了对动物和人类健康的风险.
研究的目的:
- 根据野生鸟类分布,绘制全球H5N1传播高风险地区的地图.
- 分析H5N1从2017年到2025年的时空演变.
- 为了确定与H5N1易感性相关的野生鸟类的生态特征.
主要方法:
- 利用受感染野生鸟类物种的分布范围来创建全球风险地图.
- 分析了H5N1的时空演变,并与野生鸟类和家禽中报告的病例重叠.
- 评估了H5N1感染与野生鸟类生态特征 (群体性,息地耐受性,迁移,营养水平) 之间的相关性.
主要成果:
- H5N1高风险地区和病例最初仅限于亚洲和欧洲 (2017-2020年).
- 2020年10月至2025年3月,H5N1风险地区和病例的全球快速扩张发生了.
- 人类息地和更高的热带水平上的群体性,非迁徙性野生鸟类表现出更高的易感性.
结论:
- H5N1病毒的传播在全球显著扩大,影响预测高风险区域内的野生鸟类和家禽.
- 生态特征如群居性,息地适应性和热带水平是野生鸟类中H5N1易感性的关键因素.
- 确定高风险地区的监测优先考虑,并专注于易感物种,可以加强对H5N1的缓解策略.
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