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大麻素在HIV/SIV感染中具有抗病毒和抗炎作用

A L Ellison, J J Rosado-Franco, L Mamun

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology

|October 3, 2025

概括

大麻 (CBD) 抑制了和人类细胞中的SIV/HIV复制和储库形成. CBD还减轻了免疫激活,这表明它有可能作为辅助HIV治疗.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
病毒学病毒学
药理学药理学是指药理学的学科.

背景情况:

艾滋病毒感染的特点是持续的病毒储存和慢性免疫激活,即使有有效的抗逆转录病毒疗法 (ART).
了解管理HIV/SIV感染及其相关免疫失调的新型治疗策略至关重要.

研究的目的:

在HIV/SIV感染的临床前模型中评估大麻 (CBD) 的病毒学和免疫学影响.
确定CBD对病毒复制,储库建立和免疫反应的影响.

主要方法:

研究使用感染SIV的 rhesus macaques 和使用原发性和诱导性多能干细胞 (iPSC) 衍生的人类免疫细胞 (巨细胞,T细胞,微质细胞) 感染HIV的体外模型进行.
在CBD暴露后评估了病毒载量,水库标记物,CD4+T细胞计数,单细胞群,细胞因子概况和免疫信号通路 (NF-κb,STAT1).

主要成果:

仅仅CBD在中抑制了SIV复制和水库建立,达到急性感染期间与ART相当的水平.
CBD在人体巨细胞,T细胞和微质细胞中体外表现出对HIV的抗病毒作用.
在和人类细胞中,CBD治疗减缓了CD4+T细胞的衰减,减少了特定单细胞扩张,并降低了和人类细胞中促炎性细胞因子的释放.
CBD的抗炎作用是特定于HIV引起的免疫反应,表明它不是广泛的免疫抑制作用.
发现CBD可以调节内分泌系统,并抑制NF-κb和STAT1的激活.

结论:

在未经治疗的HIV/SIV感染的临床前模型中,大麻素表现出显著的抗病毒和免疫调节作用.
这些发现支持进一步调查CBD作为艾滋病毒管理的潜在辅助疗法.
有必要进行安慰剂对照的临床试验,评估CBD与ART的结合.

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