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剖析饮食与甲状腺癌的因果关系:通过元分析和门德尔随机化分析进行系统审查
Chao Kang1,2, Yongyao Du1, Jiaxin Li3
1School of Public Health, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
Frontiers in nutrition
|October 3, 2025
概括
这项研究发现,吃鱼和喝酒可能会降低甲状腺癌的风险,而精制谷物和酸盐会增加它. 海鲜,特别是油性鱼,显示出对甲状腺癌的保护作用.
科学领域:
- 营养科学 营养科学
- 在瘤学瘤学.
- 流行病学 流行病学
背景情况:
- 饮食是众所周知的各种癌症的风险因素.
- 饮食对甲状腺癌风险的具体影响是正在进行的研究领域.
- 了解饮食模式对于癌症预防策略至关重要.
研究的目的:
- 系统地审查和综合有关食物组,饮食模式和甲状腺癌风险之间的联系的证据.
- 研究特定饮食成分对甲状腺癌的潜在保护性或有害影响.
- 使用孟德尔的随机化分析来探索因果关系.
主要方法:
- 在主要数据库 (PubMed,Scopus,Web of Science,Embase) 进行系统的文献搜索,遵循PRISMA指南.
- 来自队列和病例控制研究的数据的元分析,提取95%CI的效果大小 (OR,HR,RR).
- 孟德尔随机化 (MR) 分析使用遗传变异来评估饮食因素和甲状腺癌之间的因果关系.
主要成果:
- 对16项队列和21项病例控制研究的元分析表明,高鱼类和酒精消费与降低甲状腺癌风险有关.
- 相反,高摄入精制谷物和酸盐与甲状腺癌风险增加相关 (P <0.05).
- 核磁共振分析支持海鲜,特别是油性鱼类对甲状腺癌的保护作用,加强了元分析的发现.
结论:
- 饮食模式显著影响甲状腺癌风险.
- 摄入鱼类,特别是油性鱼类和酒精,可能会对甲状腺癌产生保护作用.
- 高摄入精制谷物和酸盐与患甲状腺癌的风险增加有关.
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