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在数据集转移下,对更安全的健康AI性能进行预测,量化认识体系不确定性
David Fernández-Narro1, Pablo Ferri1, Juan Miguel García-Gómez1
1Biomedical Data Science Lab, Instituto Universitario de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicaciones, Universitat Politècnica de Valéncia, Valencia, Spain.
Studies in health technology and informatics
|October 3, 2025
概括
在AI模型中量化认识体系不确定性可以识别分布外数据,提高AI临床决策支持系统 (CDSS) 的安全性. 这种方法作为安全层,不需要重新训练模型,提高了医疗保健中的AI稳定性.
科学领域:
- 人工智能的人工智能
- 机器学习 机器学习
- 医疗信息学 医疗信息学
背景情况:
- 分布外 (OOD) 数据对基于AI的临床决策支持系统 (CDSS) 的可靠性构成重大挑战.
- 确保人工智能在医疗保健中的稳定性和安全性需要方法来检测和管理与培训分布不同的数据.
研究的目的:
- 调查实时,样本级的认识系统不确定性量化作为健康安全机制的有效性.
- 确定认识不确定性是否可以作为一个轻量级层来标记潜在的OOD样本,指导模型更新和人类审查.
主要方法:
- 一个基于持续学习的神经网络分类器被训练在现实世界的墨西哥COVID-19数据集在季度批次.
- 每个预测的认识不确定性都使用蒙特卡洛脱落来估计.
- 建立了一个数据驱动的不确定性值,以确定潜在的OOD样本.
主要成果:
- 低于不确定性值的样本始终显示出更高的宏观F1分数,表明性能有所改善.
- 该方法有效地标记了导致预测错误的样本,捕获了大多数的不准确性.
- 在使用不确定性选时,性能在很大程度上与时间漂移保持不变.
结论:
- 实时认识系统不确定性选为健康AI和CDSS提供了实用和高效的安全层.
- 这种方法不需要模型再培训,使其适合动态的医疗保健环境.
- 不确定性量化可以通过识别OOD数据和指导干预来提高AI系统的稳定性和安全性.
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