随着地平面下降而造成的天文图和轴的同时骨折后的死亡率
Michael Brendan Cloney1, David A Paul2, T Jayde Nail3
11Department of Neurosurgery, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
目的:
寰椎与枢椎同时骨折患者常伴有高龄和高死亡率,这为临床决策带来挑战。本研究旨在确定该患者群体死亡率的临床和人口学预测因素。
方法:
这项回顾性队列研究纳入了2012年至2022年期间在单一医疗机构收治的因地面跌倒导致寰椎与枢椎同时骨折的所有患者。采用多变量方法识别死亡率的预测因素。
结果:
83例因地面跌倒导致C1和C2椎体同时骨折的患者被纳入研究(中位年龄83岁[四分位距77, 89岁])。患者群体中女性比例较高(61.4%),且合并症负担严重(54.2%的患者查尔森合并症指数≥5)。大多数跌倒仅造成轻微创伤,57.7%的患者无其他损伤,而3.7%的患者存在重大创伤(损伤严重程度评分≥15)。总体死亡率在30天时为11.4%,90天时为17.3%,6个月时为23.5%,12个月时为28.4%,18个月时为38.7%,24个月时为40.7%,呈线性增长趋势(R² = 0.9520,p = 0.0009)。Cox比例风险模型分析显示,死亡风险与年龄较大(HR 1.048,p = 0.0420)、男性(HR 4.554,p = 0.0009)及痴呆(HR 5.419,p = 0.0011)相关。手术治疗对死亡率无显著影响(p = 0.8025)。痴呆患者早期死亡率较高(30天时分别为40.0%与4.7%,p = 0.0011),但随时间推移,其死亡率曲线逐渐与非痴呆患者趋同。男性与女性患者在30天时死亡率相似,但随时间延长,死亡率出现分化(p = 0.0460)。男性合并痴呆者(n = 10)在2年内死亡的阳性预测值为100%(p = 0.0039)。本队列观察到的生存率低于预期生命表预测的生存率(p = 0.0202)。
结论:
因跌倒导致寰椎与枢椎同时骨折的患者通常为患有严重合并症且仅伴有轻微合并损伤的老年女性。该队列患者的死亡率较高,观察到的生存率低于预期的精算生存率。手术与死亡率无显著关联。痴呆与男性性别组合与死亡率相关。随时间推移,有无痴呆患者之间的死亡率差异逐渐缩小,而男性与女性患者之间的死亡率差异则逐渐扩大。
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