在牛肉与奶制品之间,生育容易的遗传背景
Arielly O Garcia1, Ashley A Mikush2, John B Cole3
1Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Vicosa, Vicosa, MG 36570, Brazil; Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30605.
Journal of dairy science
|October 3, 2025
概括
在乳牛群中选择牛肉公牛以改善生牛易度 (CE) 是可能的. 使用带有第一个哺乳期数据的线性模型,可以为牛肉与奶制品系统提供高效和不太偏的遗传评估.
科学领域:
- 动物遗传学动物遗传学
- 生殖生物学 生殖生物学
- 乳制品科学 乳制品科学
背景情况:
- 交叉养殖奶牛和牛肉公牛可以提高小牛的市场价值.
- 简单的分娩 (CE) 是至关重要的,因为牛肉杂交会对牛的健康和产量产生负面影响.
- 在牛肉对乳制品系统中需要对CE进行遗传选择.
研究的目的:
- 估计牛肉与乳制品交叉品中直接和母乳分娩易度 (CE) 的遗传参数.
- 评估CE遗传评估的线性和值动物模型的有效性.
- 确定用于常规遗传评估的最佳建模策略.
主要方法:
- 分析了Holstein和Jersey奶牛的231K第一次哺乳和1.2M第一次3次哺乳CE记录.
- 利用线性和值动物模型来估计直接和母性附加效应的繁殖值.
- 减少了5个CE类别的二进制特征 (容易与困难),难以分娩的发病率约为15%.
主要成果:
- 母亲遗传率高于直接遗传率,尤其是在考虑多次哺乳时.
- 线性和值模型产生了类似的直接育种价值 (EBV) 排名 (相关性≥0.86).
- 仅使用第一个哺乳期数据的线性模型显示出更好的验证指标和更快的趋同.
结论:
- 在牛肉与乳制品交叉品中存在CE的直接遗传变异性,这使得牛肉公牛的选择成为可能.
- 仅考虑第一个哺乳期的线性模型被推用于常规基因评估,因为效率和偏差降低.
- 在牛肉对乳制品的基因分析中,解决 sire 血统深度是一个挑战.
相关概念视频
Heritability
583
Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
583
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype
7.4K
Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
7.4K
Cloning of Dolly the Sheep
7.1K
The first successfully cloned mammal was Dolly, a sheep, born on 5th July 1996 at Roslin Institute, Scotland. The cloned sheep was named after the American singer Dolly Parton. Dolly lived for seven years and died of respiratory complications, which is speculated to be due to the actual age of her DNA. Because the DNA in cloned cells belongs to an older individual, the cloned individual’s life expectancy may be affected. Indeed, analysis of Dolly’s DNA revealed shorter...
7.1K
Incomplete Dominance
29.6K
Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.
29.6K
Pedigree Analysis
88.8K
Overview
88.8K
Monohybrid Crosses
238.7K
Overview
238.7K


