作为代谢疾病的调节剂的基因素翻译后修饰的近期进展:一篇综述
Aiqiang Zhu1, Tong Ye2, Minjia Tan3
1State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China; Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhongshan, 528400, Guangdong Province, China.
International journal of biological macromolecules
|October 3, 2025
概括
基因组转化后修饰 (PTMs) 调节基因表达和细胞功能. 本综述详细介绍了PTM,它们在疾病中的作用,检测方法和代谢障碍的治疗策略.
科学领域:
- 表观遗传学和分子生物学
- 蛋白质组学是指蛋白质组学.
- 生物化学 生物化学
背景情况:
- 基因组转化后修饰 (PTMs) 是染色质结构和基因表达的关键表观遗传调节者.
- PTMs 动态地影响蛋白质的活性和局部化,影响代谢平衡和疾病的发展.
- PTMs的失调与各种病理状况有关,突出显示了它们在疾病发病过程中的重要性.
研究的目的:
- 综合审查和分类不同类型的基因素PTMs.
- 阐明PTM在疾病相关信号通路中的作用.
- 讨论针对PTMs的先进检测方法和治疗策略,以治疗代谢失调.
主要方法:
- 对PTM,其功能和相关疾病的系统文献综述.
- 分析最近基于质谱 (MS) 的蛋白质组学方面的进展,特别是LC-MS/MS平台.
- 探索针对PTM的当前和新兴治疗干预措施.
主要成果:
- PTMs被分类,详细说明它们在调节染色质状态和蛋白质功能的不同作用.
- 特定的PTM与参与代谢平衡和疾病发病的关键信号通路有关.
- 基于MS的尖端蛋白质组学技术可以系统地绘制和动态分析PTM.
结论:
- 了解PTM提供了对代谢失调和疾病机制的关键见解.
- 准PTM为开发新型代谢障碍干预措施提供了有希望的治疗途径.
- 这一审查为未来的研究和在PTM向治疗中合理的药物开发提供了基础.
相关概念视频
01:31Translation
133.6K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
133.6K
02:28Leaky Scanning
4.5K
During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA. Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R...
4.5K
01:31Translation
16.8K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
16.8K
01:27Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants
138
The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
138
01:29Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu
159
Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
159
01:29Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets
121
Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...
121