基于绩效的元认知测试与自我报告:预测告诉我们什么?
Jhonys de Araujo1, Cristiano Mauro Assis Gomes2, Enio Galinkin Jelihovschi3
1Laboratory for Cognitive Architecture Mapping (LAICO), Department of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Campus Pampulha, Av. Pres. Antônio Carlos, 6627 Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG, CEP: 31270-901, Brazil. jhonys.bio@gmail.com.
概括
标准化基于绩效的元认知测试准确地预测学术成功,与自我报告措施不同. 这项研究证实,基于绩效的评估提供了一种可靠的方法来评估认知调节和学术潜力.
科学领域:
- 教育心理学教育心理学
- 认知科学 认知科学
- 心理测量 心理测量 心理测量
背景情况:
- 超认知测量对于预测学业成绩至关重要.
- 基于绩效的元认知测试显示出比自我报告测试更大的预测有效性.
- 基于绩效的标准化超认知测试在研究中代表性不足,原因是可用性有限和心理测量验证.
研究的目的:
- 调查基于绩效的元认知测试是否比自我报告测试更好地预测学业绩.
- 检查基于绩效和自我报告测试的认知调节措施之间的相关性.
- 为了验证标准化基于绩效的元认知评估的预测效用.
主要方法:
- 一个样本264巴西大学的学生和毕业生参加.
- 使用Meta-Text (基于绩效的标准化) 和Metacognitive Self-Regulation Scale (自我报告) 来衡量认知调节.
- 学业成绩是使用全国高中考试成绩来评估的.
主要成果:
- 通过Meta-Text测量的认知调节显著预测了学业成绩 (β = 0.47).
- 基于绩效和自我报告测试的认知调节措施之间没有发现显著的相关性 (r = .002).
- 认知调节的自我报告措施没有预测学业成绩.
结论:
- 与自我报告测试相比,标准化基于绩效的元认知测试是学术表现的优越预测器.
- 这些发现质疑认知调节的自我报告措施的心理测量质量.
- 基于绩效的标准化测试为大规模的学术评估和研究提供了实用和可靠的替代方案.
相关概念视频
01:22Self-Report Tests of Personality
770
Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
770
01:26Metacognition
709
Metacognition is a conscious process where individuals are aware of their cognitive and executive processes, such as planning before solving a problem or self-monitoring during reading. For instance, a writer may need help with composing a piece. The situation involves a writer who is working on a piece of writing, but while doing so, they realize that something is missing. They notice that their characters lack depth or details. This realization occurs because the writer is reflecting on their...
709
01:24Strategies of Self-Presentation III: Self-Monitoring
191
Self-monitoring is a central construct in understanding individual differences in self-presentation strategies across social contexts. It refers to how individuals observe, regulate, and control their expressive behavior and self-presentation following situational cues. Self-monitoring reflects a person's sensitivity to social appropriateness and willingness to adapt behavior to fit varying interpersonal demands.High vs. Low Self-Monitoring IndividualsIndividuals high in self-monitoring are...
191
01:29Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model
276
The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
276
01:29Introspection
206
Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
206
02:45Self-Discrepancy Theory
18.9K
One influential perspective on what motivates people's behavior is detailed in Tory Higgin's self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987). He proposed that people hold disagreeing internal representations of themselves that lead to different emotional states.
18.9K