青少年身体形障碍:洞察力,执行功能,以及ADHD和自闭症特征的发生率
Cassie H Lavell1, Ella L Oar1, Ronald M Rapee1
1Lifespan Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
Journal of psychiatric research
|October 5, 2025
概括
患有身体形障碍 (BDD) 的青少年表现出更差的洞察力和更多的执行功能困难,自闭症和注意力缺陷/多动性障碍 (ADHD) 特征的高率. 这些因素可能会影响患有BDD的青少年的治疗.
科学领域:
- 精神病学是一个精神病学.
- 发展心理学 发展心理学
- 临床心理学 临床心理学
背景情况:
- 身体形障碍 (BDD) 影响1%的青少年,对其在年轻时的表现的理解有限.
- 目前治疗青少年BDD的疗法具有可变的疗效,这表明需要对相关因素进行进一步研究.
- 初步证据将青少年的BDD与洞察力差,执行功能缺陷以及自闭症和注意力缺陷/多动障碍 (ADHD) 的同时出现联系起来.
研究的目的:
- 研究青少年患有BDD的洞察力,执行功能和自闭症和多动症特征的比率.
- 为了比较患有BDD的青少年,患有焦虑障碍的青少年和非临床对照组之间的这些因素.
- 探索这些因素对青少年BDD治疗参与和治疗结果的潜在影响.
主要方法:
- 一项涉及26名患有BDD的青少年 (12至17岁),27名患有焦虑障碍的青少年和25名对照者的比较研究.
- 评估洞察力,执行功能 (包括设置转移,响应抑制,情绪控制,任务启动) 和父母报告的困难.
- 查自闭症特征和ADHD诊断标准.
主要成果:
- 患有BDD的青少年与焦虑青少年 (11%),相比,洞察力明显较差 (73%的贫困/妄想).
- 父母的评分表明,在BDD和焦虑组与对照组之间,执行功能困难 (转移,情绪控制,任务启动) 较大.
- 与焦虑组相比,BDD组表现出更多的情绪控制困难;96%有自闭症特征,39%符合ADHD标准.
结论:
- 患有BDD的青少年表现出明显的洞察力受损和执行功能缺陷,通常与自闭症和多动症并发.
- 这些发现突出了青少年BDD复杂的临床特征,并提出了潜在的干预目标.
- 进一步的研究至关重要,以了解洞察力,执行功能,自闭症和ADHD如何影响这一群体的治疗反应.
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