在长期COVID-19患者中,来自几乎灭绝的SARS-CoV-2血统的高度分离的样本
Elena Nabieva1, Galya V Klink2, Andrey B Komissarov3
1Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology
|October 6, 2025
概括
在免疫功能低下的患者中,持续的SARS-CoV-2感染可以推动新变种的进化. 胃肠道可以作为长期病毒分泌和突变积累的储存库.
科学领域:
- 病毒学 病毒学
- 基因组学就是基因组学.
- 免疫学 免疫学 免疫学
背景情况:
- COVID-19可能导致持续性感染,特别是在免疫力低下的人群中.
- 长期感染可能是新出现SARS-CoV-2令人担忧的变种 (VOCs) 的来源.
- 人们越来越认识到胃肠道是持久性SARS-CoV-2感染的潜在储库.
研究的目的:
- 来自HIV阳性患者的高度分离的SARS-CoV-2样本进行基因组分析,该患者被认为长期感染.
- 在慢性宿主内进化过程中调查SARS-CoV-2的进化动态和突变格局.
- 探索胃肠道在SARS-CoV-2持续性和变种出现中的潜在作用.
主要方法:
- 从2022年10月开始,对SARS-CoV-2样本进行全基因组测序.
- 遗传学分析以确定样本与已知的血统的进化关系.
- 分子时钟分析以估计突变积累率.
- 对非同名突变的分析,特别是在Spike蛋白中,以及它们对病毒性质的潜在影响.
主要成果:
- 分析的样本与其最接近的B.1.1血统的序列祖先相比,呈现了89种新的突变.
- 在Spike蛋白中发现了33个非同名突变,其中17个位于与VOC或抗体逃避相关的部位.
- 观察到表明积极选择的突变 (dN/dS比为2.2),表明患者内部的快速演变.
- 污水相关突变的存在表明,在胃肠道中长期存在.
结论:
- 免疫功能低下患者的慢性SARS-CoV-2感染可以促进新型,流行病学意义重大变异的演变.
- 胃肠道可能充当持续的SARS-CoV-2感染的重要储存库.
- 对持久性感染的基因组监测对于理解病毒演变和识别潜在的未来威胁至关重要.
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