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糖尿病并发症的非侵入性生物标志物:来自角膜和视网膜成像的见解

Meichun Xiao¹, Yunhan Chen², Xiaoxin Yan²

¹Department of Ophthalmology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, 29 Xinquan Road, Fuzhou, 350005, China. cynthiaxiao@fjmu.edu.cn.

Acta diabetologica

|October 6, 2025

概括

使用角膜共聚焦显微镜和OCT血管造影的眼镜成像可以检测出糖尿病外围神经病变和慢性病. 这些非侵入性方法在早期诊断和监测糖尿病并发症方面表现有前途.

科学领域:

眼科医生眼科眼科
腎臟病學 (nephrology) 是一種醫學專業.
神经学神经学
糖尿病学糖尿病学

背景情况:

糖尿病外围神经病 (DPN) 和慢性病 (CKD) 是严重的糖尿病并发症,影响生活质量.
早期发现DPN和CKD对于有效管理至关重要.
这项研究探讨了眼部成像参数作为DPN和CKD潜在的非侵入性生物标志物.

研究的目的:

调查角膜共聚焦显微镜 (CCM) 和光连贯断层扫描血管学 (OCTA) 参数在2型糖尿病患者中识别DPN和CKD的实用性.
将眼部成像发现与已确定的神经病变和神经病变的临床和实验室标志物相关联.

主要方法:

76名2型糖尿病患者的横截面研究.
角膜神经纤维密度,分支密度和神经纤维长度由CCM评估.
由OCTA和OCT评估的视网膜血管密度 (VD) 和视网膜神经纤维层 (RNFL) 厚度.
与外侧神经传导速度 (SSNCV),尿中的白蛋白与肌素比率 (UACR) 以及估计的膜过率 (eGFR) 的相关性.

主要成果:

减少的角膜神经参数 (密度,分支,长度) 与DPN显著相关,与SSNCV有积极的相关性.
角膜神经纤维密度 (CNFD) 对DPN检测显示出高灵敏度 (AUC=0.7179).
在上黄斑区域的视网膜表面VD显示了CKD的诊断性能 (AUC=0.7140) 并与UACR相关.

结论:

来自CCM的角膜神经参数是DPN的有效的非侵入性生物标志物.
来自OCTA的视网膜血管参数显示了早期检测CKD的潜力.
眼镜成像为监测糖尿病神经病和微血管并发症提供了一个有希望的途径.

关键词:

慢性脏疾病慢性脏疾病角膜共聚焦显微镜的使用.糖尿病外围神经病变糖尿病外围神经病变光学连贯性断层扫描血管图谱

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