评估气对疏散避难所的体压分布和隔热的影响:一项随机对照交叉研究
Seiji Hamanishi1, Shinsuke Sasaki2
1Graduate School of Nursing/Nursing Faculty, Kansai University of Social Welfare, Ako, Hyogo, Japan.
PLOS global public health
|October 6, 2025
概括
空气为灾难避难所提供了更好的身体压力分布和热绝缘. 这项研究表明,它们是传统床单的实用替代品,有可能减少疏散人员的不适.
科学领域:
- 应对灾害的准备工作
- 应急管理 应急管理
- 人类因素工程 人类因素工程
背景情况:
- 大规模的灾难需要大规模疏散,导致长时间停留在没有充足床位的避难所.
- 像纸板床这样的现有解决方案面临着后勤挑战,在压力分布和舒适性方面有效性有限.
- 疏散人员的不适,包括肌肉骨疼痛和睡眠障碍,是灾难避难环境中的一个重大问题.
研究的目的:
- 评估气作为疏散避难所的紧急地板的有效性.
- 与其他材料相比,评估气的体压分布和隔热性能.
- 确定气在减轻灾难疏散人员不适和改善睡眠质量方面的潜力.
主要方法:
- 一个随机控制的交叉试验,涉及20名健康成年人.
- 在躺在气,尿和塑料板上时评估身体压力分布.
- 使用数值评分尺度对坚固性和舒适性的主观评估,以及客观的隔热测量.
主要成果:
- 与塑料板相比,气显著降低了超过20%的平均身体压力,并将接触面积增加了30%以上.
- 压力分布的这些改进超过了尿片的改进.
- 参与者报告说,空气比尿更不坚固,更舒适,具有相似的隔热.
结论:
- 空气显示出优越的身体压力分布和绝热性能,可作为应急地板使用.
- 它们提供了一个实用和舒适的替代方案或补充现有的床铺解决方案在灾难避难所.
- 实施气可以显著减少肌肉骨应变,并改善疏散设置中的个人睡眠.
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