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固体瘤恶性瘤患者的失调炎症形成了对COVID-19疫苗接种的多功能抗体反应

Ruth A Purcell¹, Marios Koutsakos², Lukasz Kedzierski²

¹Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. purcellr@student.unimelb.edu.au.

|October 6, 2025

概括

由于炎症,固体瘤患者在COVID-19疫苗接种后表现出减弱的中和抗体反应. 然而,mRNA疫苗保持了重要的抗体功能,为癌症患者改善疫苗策略提供了希望.

科学领域:

免疫学免疫学免疫学
在瘤学瘤学.
疫苗学疫苗学疫苗学

背景情况:

患有固体瘤恶性病 (STM) 的患者患有突破性SARS-CoV-2感染的风险更高.
在STM患者中,COVID-19疫苗的免疫性降低导致中和功能受损,其潜在的免疫原因不明.
非中和抗体功能在高风险人群中未得到充分研究,尽管它们在减少疾病严重性的潜在作用.

研究的目的:

对STM患者的多功能抗体反应进行调查,与在基于腺病毒载体或mRNA的COVID-19疫苗接种后的年龄匹配对照进行比较.
确定与STM患者中中和抗体反应受损相关的免疫因素和炎症生物标志物.
评估Fc效应器功能和针对SARS-CoV-2变体的交叉反应性,以应对不同的疫苗平台.

主要方法:

在固体瘤恶性病患者和接种疫苗后的对照中分析多功能抗体反应.
测量炎症生物标志物,包括青酸化IgG,互白素-6 (IL-6) 和IL-18.
B细胞种群的特征,特别是CD11c-CD21-双负3 (DN3) B细胞.
对抗体依赖细胞细胞毒性 (ADCC) 和其他Fc效应器功能的评估.

主要成果:

在STM患者中,炎症生物标志物 (agalactosylated IgG,IL-6,IL-18) 和 DN3 B 细胞的增加.
这些炎症标志物和STM患者的B细胞变化与SARS-CoV-2中和能力受损有关.
在STM患者和对照人群中,mRNA疫苗接种诱导了可比的Fc效应器功能,与SARS-CoV-2变体的交叉反应.

结论:

由特定生物标志物和B细胞群体表明的全身炎症,有助于在固体瘤恶性病患者中减弱中和抗体反应.
抗体的fc效应器功能保持弹性,特别是在mRNA疫苗接种后,并显示对病毒变异的交叉反应性.
这些发现表明了免疫调节的潜在目标,并强调了针对癌症患者等高风险人群的合理疫苗设计的重要性.

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