怀孕期间和产后期间的尿失禁
Irene Diez-Itza1,2,3
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastián, Spain. idiezi@sego.es.
Nature reviews. Urology
|October 6, 2025
概括
怀孕和分娩会增加尿失禁,特别是压力尿失禁. 盆地肌肉训练 (PFMT) 可能有助于预防它,但需要更多的研究来证实它对治疗的有效性.
科学领域:
- 产科和妇科 产科和妇科
- 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科 泌尿器科
- 盆地地板物理治疗 物理治疗
背景情况:
- 怀孕和分娩导致骨盆底发生显著的解剖和生理变化.
- 这些变化经常损害尿失禁制机制,导致尿失禁率增加.
- 压力性尿失禁是怀孕和产后期间观察到的主要类型.
研究的目的:
- 调查怀孕和产后尿失禁背后的病理生理机制.
- 为了确定与怀孕相关的尿失禁相关的主要危险因素.
- 评估目前对盆地肌肉训练 (PFMT) 的理解和有效性,以预防和治疗这些人群的尿失禁.
主要方法:
- 关于怀孕和分娩期间的骨盆底变化现有文献的综述.
- 分析导致压力尿失禁的因素,区分尿道缩器缺陷和尿道支受损.
- 检查流行病学数据,将母亲的年龄,BMI,平行率和分娩方式与 incontinence 联系起来.
主要成果:
- 尿失禁率在怀孕和产后显著上升,压力失禁是最常见的.
- 风险因素包括母亲的年龄,体重指数和平价;产后失禁与产前失禁和阴道分娩有关.
- 怀孕期间的盆地肌肉训练 (PFMT) 是唯一的预防措施,尽管其治疗疗效尚不清楚.
结论:
- 怀孕和产后尿失禁的确切机制需要进一步阐明.
- 虽然PFMT在预防方面表现有前途,但其在怀孕期间和产后治疗现有失禁症的有效性需要严格调查.
- 确定最能从PFMT干预中获益的特定患者子组对于未来的研究和临床实践至关重要.
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