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相关概念视频

Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

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Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis ("cellular eating") is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects, such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
The objective of phagocytosis is often destruction. Cells use phagocytosis to eliminate unwelcome visitors, like pathogens (e.g., viruses and bacteria). Many immune system cells,...
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Phagocytosis00:41

Phagocytosis

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Cells pull particles inward and engulf them in spherical vesicles in an energy-requiring process called endocytosis. Phagocytosis (“cellular eating”) is one of three major types of endocytosis. Cells use phagocytosis to take in large objects—such as other cells (or their debris), bacteria, and even viruses.
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Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

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Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
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Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane01:28

Protein Translocation Machinery on the ER Membrane

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The translocon complex situated on the ER membrane is the main gateway for the protein secretory pathway. It facilitates the transport of nascent peptides into the ER lumen and their insertion into the ER membrane.
Sec61 protein conducting channel
In eukaryotes, the translocon complex comprises a core heterotrimeric translocator channel called the Sec61 complex. This channel includes three transmembrane proteins, Sec61α, Sec61β, and Sec61γ, and is the largest subunit of the...
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Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:45

Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

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Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single transmembrane domain located approximately 30 amino acid residues upstream from the C-terminal end. As a result, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cannot guide a TA protein to the ER membrane for cotranslational insertion. Hence, they are integrated into the ER membrane post-translationally using their C-terminal end as the anchor. TA proteins...
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Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

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Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
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相关实验视频

Updated: Jan 15, 2026

"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM
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"Phagosome Closure Assay" to Visualize Phagosome Formation in Three Dimensions Using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescent Microscopy TIRFM

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在Atg2/TRAPPIII-Ypt1轴上:解读发声孔-ERES连接的密码.

Rubén Gómez-Sánchez1, J Christopher Fromme2, Christian Ungermann3,4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.

Autophagy
|October 7, 2025
PubMed
概括

在发光孔和ER出口点之间产生膜接触点对于自至关重要. 这一过程同步了脂质转移和蛋白质招募,启动了法戈扩张到自细胞.

关键词:
在Atg2上在Atg9的时间里.在TRAPPIII上,我们可以找到TRAPPIII.Ypt1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Ypt1 Ypt1自自是自的过程.膜接触点与膜的接触点.在法哥中,法哥是最重要的.

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科学领域:

  • 细胞生物学 细胞生物学
  • 自学研究 自学研究
  • 膜贩卖 膜贩卖 膜贩卖 膜贩卖

背景情况:

  • 自是一种重要的细胞过程,用于降解受损组件.
  • 胞扩张到自胞体中需要脂质供应,通常来自内质网膜 (ER).
  • 和ER之间的膜接触部位 (MCS),特别是ER退出部位 (ERES),对于这种脂质转移至关重要.

研究的目的:

  • 为了阐明孔-ERES MCS形成的分子机制.
  • 了解MCS如何同步对于孔扩张至关重要的因素.
  • 为了确定参与启动巴哥扩张的关键蛋白质.

主要方法:

  • 研究了TRAPPIII复合体,Ypt1 GTPase和Atg2在孔-ERES关联中的作用.
  • 在MCS形成时分析了TRAPPIII的激活和Ypt1的招募.
  • 检查了活性Ypt1对酸-3-酸盐 (PtdIns3P) 合成和效应者招募的影响.

主要成果:

  • 在TRAPPIII,Ypt1 GEF和Atg2中介于孔-ERES MCS的形成.
  • 建立MCS激活了TRAPPIII,导致Ypt1被招募到光体.
  • 活性Ypt1促进本地PtdIns3P生物合成,招募Atg18和Atg21进行孔扩张.

结论:

  • 光体-ERES MCS 生成是启动光体扩张的关键信号事件.
  • 在TRAPPIII-Ypt1路径协调脂质供应和效应器招募自细胞生物发生.
  • 这项研究揭示了一种新的机制,将膜接触部位的形成与自的启动联系起来.