低消耗和高估:耐力运动员在比赛日碳水化合物摄入量的差异
Asli Devrim Lanpir1,2, Melike Nur Eroğlu3, Merve Özyıldırım4
1School of Human Performance and Health, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
European journal of sport science
|October 7, 2025
概括
耐力运动员在比赛中通常消耗的碳水化合物比计划中的少. 更好的睡眠和更低的焦虑预测了更高的实际碳水化合物摄入量,这对于优化表现营养至关重要.
科学领域:
- 运动营养 运动营养
- 运动生理学 运动生理学
- 行为科学 行为科学
背景情况:
- 耐力运动员对碳水化合物摄入量有指导方针,以优化性能.
- 许多运动员未能达到推的碳水化合物目标,特别是在比赛期间.
- 在比赛中的碳水化合物摄入量通常是估计的,而不是精确测量.
研究的目的:
- 在耐力赛期间量化实际碳水化合物 (CHO) 摄入量.
- 为了确定CHO摄入的行为和心理预测因素.
- 为了比较马拉松运动员和自行车运动员之间的CHO摄入量.
主要方法:
- 60名耐力运动员 (马拉松运动员和自行车运动员) 追踪了计划和实际的CHO摄入量.
- 食品日记和产品权重评估摄入量 (24小时赛前和赛期间).
- 经过验证的调查问卷测量了睡眠行为,焦虑和胃肠道症状.
主要成果:
- 实际的CHO摄入量 (31.7g/hr) 显著低于计划的 (38.0g/hr).
- 骑自行车的人比马拉松运动员消耗更多的CHO,绝对缺口更大,但比例缺口相似.
- 较高的实际CHO摄入量是由种族类型,更好的睡眠和较低的认知焦虑预测的.
结论:
- 运动员,特别是马拉松运动员,在比赛期间经常消耗的CHO比计划的少.
- 睡眠质量和心理状态显著影响了耐力赛的成功.
- 衡量实际摄入量和考虑个体行为因素对于有效的耐力营养策略至关重要.
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