低收入和中等收入国家的急性营养不良和儿童发展:元分析
Nazia Binte Ali1,2, Mathilda Regan1, Nandita Perumal1,3
1Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, United States.
Nutrition reviews
|October 7, 2025
概括
儿童急性营养不良,包括严重急性营养不良 (SAM) 和疲劳,与较差的认知和运动发育有关. 这些发现强调了早期营养对儿童长期发展结果的关键影响.
科学领域:
- 儿童发展 儿童发展
- 全球健康 全球健康
- 营养科学 营养科学
背景情况:
- 虽然已知线性增长迟缓对儿童发育的影响,但对急性营养不良指标的关注较少.
- 急性营养不良严重影响儿童发展,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家 (LMICs).
研究的目的:
- 量化儿童时期急性营养不良指标与随后的发展结果之间的关联.
- 专注于LMIC中5岁以下的儿童.
主要方法:
- 对观察性研究的系统文献综述.
- 包括的指标包括:BMI-for-age z分数 (BMIZ),中高臂周长 (MUAC),体重-for-height/-length z分数 (WHZ/WLZ),消耗和严重急性营养不良 (SAM).
- 评估了19岁以下的认知,运动,语言和社会情感发展;估计了聚合相关性和标准化平均差异 (SMD).
主要成果:
- 分析了来自40个LMIC的113项研究.
- 急性营养不良指标与较低的认知和运动发育得分有关.
- 严重急性营养不良 (SAM) 与显著较低的认知 (-1.06 SD) 和运动 (-0.42 SMD) 评分有关;消耗与较低的运动评分 (-0.30 SMD) 有关.
结论:
- 儿童急性营养不良始终与发育成绩下降相关.
- 对发育的负面影响在严重急性营养不良 (SAM) 或衰竭的儿童中显得更加明显.
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